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Erika Anderson

Study Stack Set 2: Biol 221 Week 7-13

QuestionAnswer
What does structures make up the central nervous system (CNS)? The brain and spinal cord
What makes up the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? all nervous tissue that lies in the periphery or "outer regions" of the nervous system such as the nerve that exit out through the skull (the cranial nerves) and out from the spinal cord (spinal nerves).
Within the nervous system, what is the difference between the afferent and efferent? Afferent division of the nervous system consists of all the incoming sensory pathways and the efferent division of the nervous system consists of all the outgoing motor pathways.
What does the somatic nervous system (SNS) do? regulates somatic effectors, aka skeletal muscles. the somatic motor division controls the motor pathways that directly control skeletal muscles and the somatic sensory division control the afferent pathways that provide feedback from somatic effectors.
What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) do? the efferent pathways of the ANS carry information to the autonomic, or visceral, effectors which are mainly smooth muscles cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue, and other "involuntary" tissue.
Name two types of glia, or nerve cells. 1. Astrocytes 2. Microglia 3. Ependymal cells 4. oligodendrocytes 5. Schwann cells 6. Satellite cells (Schwann cells that cover and support cell bodies in the PNS)
What is an action potential? the membrane potential of a neuron that is conducting an impulse, also known as a nerve impulse.
What ions are needed for an action potential? Sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and chloride (Cl-)
What are the two different kind of synapses? 1. Electrical synapses 2. Chemical synapses
What fluid provides cushion thus protecting the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Name the lobes of the brain. Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and insula
What three areas make up the structure of the ear? External, Middle, and Inner ear.
What is the anatomical term for the ear drum? Tympanic membrane
Name at least five of the major Endocrine glands. Possible answers: 1.Hypothalamus 2. Pituitary gland 3. Pineal gland 4. Thyroid gland 4. Parathyroid gland(s) 5. Thymus 6. Adrenal gland(s) 7. Pancreatic islets 8. Ovaries 9. Testes 10. Placenta
True or false: Hormones can be either Steroids or Nonsteroids. True. Steroid hormones are manufactured by endocrine cells from cholesterol and examples include cortisol and estrogens. Nonsteroid hormones are synthesized primarily from amnio acids and some examples include insulin and oxytocin.
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