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PHM 102-Chapter 14
Study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 5 rights? | The right patient, The right medication, The right dose, The right route, The right time |
| What are examples of high-alert medications according to ISMP? | Epinephrine, Insulin, Warfarin, Opium tincture, Methotrexate, Metformin, Heparin, Potassium chloride, Promethazine |
| What is an error? | Any type of preventable event |
| What is a Monitoring Error? | Failure to review prescribed medications for proper regimen |
| What is Wrong Drug Preparation Error? | Drug is incorrectly formulated or manipulated |
| What is a Prescribing Error? | Prescriber orders wrong medication, or incorrectly selects medications when ordering |
| According to MERP, what is a Category A error? | Circumstances that have the potential to cause errors |
| What is a Category B error? | Error occurred before reaching the patient |
| What is a Category I error? | Error occurred that may have contributed to or resulted in patient death |
| What is an Administrative Error? | Failure to document medication administration records accurately, or application of the wrong method or technique when administering medication |
| What are some common causes of errors according to ASHP? | illegible handwriting, improper transcription, labeling errors, inappropriate abbreviations, inadequately trained personnel |
| What does ASHP stand for? | American Society of Health-system Pharmacists |
| What does REMS stand for? | Risk Evaluation & Mitigation Strategies |
| What is REMS used for? | Used to look at the pros and cons of a drug & managing the benefits that far outweigh the risks that are continually evaluated |
| What does ADR mean? | Adverse Drug Reaction |
| What is provided to patient's that take medications on the REMS list that can be found on the FDA website? | Package insert; Medguide |
| What can a pharmacy technician look for on a stock bottle that shows medications must be accompanied with a Medguide when dispensed? | Red or Yellow symbol |
| What are some changes manufacturing companies made to labels to help reduce errors? | Bold lettering, Tall man lettering, color coding |
| Why are changes to labels (made by manufacturing companies) important? | Reduces errors & confusing look-alike/sound-alike medications |
| Coumadin(Warfarin) can interact with which drugs? | Aspirin & NSAIDS |
| Drug errors can be reported to the FDA through where? | Medwatch, TJC, ISMP, & MERP |
| What do most Health care-associated infections (HAIS) involve? | Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infections, Blood Stream Infections |
| What is polypharmacy? | Multiple Medications |
| What is a pictograph? | Standardized graphics that represent how/when to take & store medications |
| Why are IV Heparin errors extremely dangerous? | Take effect quickly, cannot be easily reversed, IV lines flushed with Heparin-lock solutions can be confused with more concentrated Heparin solutions |
| What is an Extended-Release (E-R) medication? | Designed to deliver dose over a longer period of time versus Immediate-Release |
| What are the benefits of Extended Release (E-R) medication? | Can improve patient compliance & result in better health (If crushed or administered as Immediate-Release dose, can cause medication errors) |
| What medication information is contained in a bar code? | NDC (National Drug Code), Lot Number, Expiration Date |
| What is the most important aspect of dealing with errors? | The reporting process |
| What are some examples of organizations that track records? | ISMP, FDA Medwatch, TJC, CDC |
| What is the primary purpose of ISMP VERP? | Capture unique causes & consequences of vaccine-related errors (only for vaccines) |
| What are 5 safety standards outlined by the TJC | Leadership Process & Accountability, Safe Environment for Staff & Patients, Improving Quality & Safety, Competent & Capable Workforce, Clinical Care of Patient |
| What are some examples of Automated Dispensing Machines? | Baker Cell System, SP (ScriptPro), Kirby Lester |
| Why does TJC require hospitals and institutions to prepack all liquid doses in oral syringes or containers? | Opening bulk containers led to increased risk of contamination, Not Patient-Specific(inappropriate dose increases), Pharmacy must ensure accuracy of each dose |
| What does CSP stand for? | Compounded Sterile Preparation |
| What USP Chapter covers Sterile Compounding? | USP 797 |
| How many times is it recommended for technicians to check a medication during the filling process? | No less than 3 |
| What strategies can be implemented by a pharmacy to reduce errors? | Use automated filling systems, scan original prescription, use electronic prescribing, keep high alert medications in a separate location of the pharmacy, maintain up-to-date patient profiles (include OTC & Herbs), Designate medication safety leader |
| What is medication reconciliation? | Identifying the most up-to-date list of medications the patient is currently taking. -Verification -Clarification -Reconciliation |
Created by:
averycorona
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