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Genetic vocabulary

TermDefinition
Allele one member in a gene pair that controls characteristics such as eye and hair color
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid, makes up chromosomes and the carries genetic information
Dominance situation in which one allele is expressed over a second allele
Gene a portion of DNA molecule that serves as the basic unit of heredity
Genotype the genetic makeup of an individual organism expressed with letters
Genetic crossing the deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in off spring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent
Chromosomes a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein that carries genetic information in the form of genes
Mitosis asexual cell division where on parent cell divides and produces two identical daughter cells
Heterozygous a pair of genes where one allele is dominant and one is recessive
Homozygous a pair of genes where both alleles are dominant or both are recessive
Hybrid an animal or plant resulting from a cross between genetically unlike individuals
Independent Assortment Mendel's law that states that traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one another
Phenotype the physical appearance of an organism as distinguished from its genetic makeup
Punnett Square a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
Recessive an allele whose phenotype is masked when paired with a dominant allele
Segregation Mendel's law that states that organisms inherit one allele for each trait from each parent due to allele pairs separating during gamete production
Meiosis a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
Purebred a homozygous trait where BOTH alleles are the same Ex. TT or tt
Codominace when two dominate cells show in an offspring
Incomplete Dominance when there is a blending of traits creating an entirely new trait
Created by: user-1818566
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