Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P Chapter 8
Joints of the Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the functions of joints? | 1. Bind parts of skeletal system together 2. Making bone growth possible 3. Permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during childbirth 4. Enable body to move in response to skeletal muscle contractions |
| How are joints classified? | Functionally and Structurally |
| _____ joints are classified according to the degree of movement they make possible. | Functionally |
| _____ joints are classified by the type of tissue that binds the bones at each junction. | Structurally |
| Also called articulations and are connections between bones. This is called ______. | Joints |
| What are the 3 classifications of functionally joints? | 1. Synarthrotic 2. Amphiarthrotic 3. Diarthrotic |
| What are the 3 classifications of structurally joints? | 1. Fibrous Joints 2. Cartilaginous Joints 3. Synovial Joints |
| How many joints are in a average adult? | 230 joints |
| Held together by dense connective tissue is a _____ joint. | Fibrous |
| Held together by cartilage is a ____ joint. | Cartilaginous |
| This type of joint has a complex structure, this is called a _____ joint. | Synovial |
| What are the three types of fibrous joints? | 1. Syndesmosis 2. Suture 3. Gomphosis |
| What are fontanels? | A membranous area that connects to several bones and allows the skull to change shape slightly during childbirth. |
| Bones bound by a sheet of dense connective tissue (interosseous membrane) or a bundle of dense connective tissue (interosseous ligament) is ____. | Syndesmosis |
| Syndesmosis is _____ (flexible, may twist). | Amphiarthrotic |
| Immovable | Synarthrotic |
| Slightly movable | Amphiarthrotic |
| Freely movable | Diarthrotic |
| A ____ lies between the tibia and fibula at the distal ends as well as between the shafts (diaphyses) of these two bones. | Syndesmosis |
| Only found between flat bones of the skull, where the broad margins of adjacent bones grow together and unite by a thin layer of connective tissue (sutural ligament) and connects bones is a ______. | Suture |
| Suture are ______ (immovable). | Synarthrotic |
| A joint formed by the union of a cone-shaped bony process in a bony socket is called. | Gomphosis |
| Gomphosis are ____ (immovable). | Synarthrotic |
| Root of a tooth in maxilla or mandible held in place by a periodontal ligament is a _____ joint. | Gomphosis |
| Is the joint between the first rib and the manubrium an example of a fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial joint? | Cartilaginous joint |
| Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage connects the bones of _____. | Cartilaginous joints |
| The two types of cartilaginous joints are _____ and ____. | Synchondroses and Symphyses |
| In ______ bands of hyaline cartilage unite the bones. | Synchondrosis |
| Synchondrosis are ______ (immovable). | Synarthrotic |
| Many synchondrosis joints are _____ ______ that disappear during growth. | temporary structures |
| Some synchondrosis joints are temporary but they can also be _____. | permanent |
| ______ lies between the manubrium and the first rib, directly united by costal cartilage. | synchondrosis |
| The joints between the sternum and the coastal cartilages of ribs 2 through 10 are ______. | synovial |
| The articular surfaces of the bone are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, and the bones are connected by a pad of fibrocartilage. This is a type of cartilaginous joint called______ . | symphysis |
| Symphysis are ______ (limited movement). | amphiarthrotic |
| describe two types of cartilaginous joints. | Synchondrosis is a band of hyaline cartilage that unites the bones and symphysis is an articular surface of the bone covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage and is a pad of fibrocartilage between bones. |
| What is the function of an intervertebral disc? | The intervertebral disc absorbs shocks and help equalize pressure between the vertebrae when the body moves. |
| Most joints of the skeletal system are _____ joints. | synovial |
| Synovial joints allow free movements which make it, what? | Diarthrotic |
| _____ joints are more complex structurally than fibrous or cartilaginous joints. | Synovial |
| Synovial joints consist of _____; _____; and a _____, which secretes ______ fluid. | articular cartilage; a joint capsule; and a synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid. |
| The articular ends of the bones in a synovial joint are covered with a _______. | A thin layer of hyaline cartilage |
| The ______ resists wear and minimizes friction when it is compressed as the joint moves. | articular cartilage |
| A joint capsule has ___ distinct layers that holds the bones of a synovial joint together. | two |
| The outer layer of the joint capsule consists of what? | Dense connective tissue |
| What is a ligament? | Bundles of strong, tough collagen fibers |
| What is the volume of synovial fluid in the cavity of the knee? | 0.5 mL or less |
| Normal synovial fluid has ____ or ___ leukocytes (white blood cells) per mL. | 180 or fewer |
| If the leukocytes count exceeds 2,000, the synovial fluid is what? | Infected |
| Name six types of synovial joints. | 1. Ball-and-socket 2. Condylar 3. Plane 4. Hinge 5. Pivot 6. Saddle |
| What is the function of the synovial fluid? | It moistens and lubricates the smooth cartilaginous surfaces of the joint. It also helps supply articular cartilage with nutrients obtained from blood vessels of the synovial membrane. |
| Also called a spheroidal joint and allows a wider range of motion than any other type, permitting movements in all planes (multiaxial movement), including rotational movement around a central axis is called a what joint? | Ball-and-socket |
| Also called a ellipsoidal joint and permits back-and-forth- and side-to-side movement in two planes (biaxial movement) but not rotation, is a type of what joint? | Condylar |
| Also called a gliding joint and allow sliding or back-and-forth motion and twisting movements (nonaxial movement) is what type of joint? | Plane |
| A joint that resembles the hinge of a door and permits movement in one plane only (uniaxial movement) is what type of joint? | Hinge |
| Also called a trochoid joint and is limited to rotation around a central axis (uniaxial movement) is what type of joint? | Pivot |
| Also called a sellar joint and permits a variety of movements, mainly in two planes (biaxial movement) is what type of joint? | Saddle |
| Describe how movement occurs at a joint when a muscle contracts. | When the muscle contracts, its fibers pull its movable end (insertion) toward its fixed end (origin), and a movement occurs at the joint. |
| What is origin? | A relatively fixed end of a skeletal muscle |
| What is insertion? | A more movable end of a skeletal muscle |
| Bending of parts at a joint is called ____. | Flexion |
| Straightening of parts at a joint is called ____. | Extension |
| Extension beyond normal anatomical position is called ___. | Hyperextension |
| Bending to the side is called ____. | lateral flexion |
| Moving a part of body away from midline is called _____. | Abduction |
| Moving a part of body toward midline is called ____. | adduction |
| Ankle movement which points toes upward is ____ | dorsiflexion |
| Ankle movement which points toes downward is _____ | plantar flexion |
| Movement of a part of body in circular path is _____. | circumduction |
| Moving a part of body around an axis is _____. | rotation |
| Movement of limb so anterior surface moves toward midline is ____. | medial rotation |
| Movement of limb so anterior surface moves away from midline is ______. | lateral rotation |
| Forearm rotation so palm faces upward or forward, or lying down face up (supine) is ______. | supination |
| Forearm rotation so palm faces downward or backward, or lying down face down (prone) is ______. | pronation |
| Turning of foot so plantar surface faces midline is called ____. | inversion |
| Turning of foot so plantar surface faces away from midline is called ___. | eversion |
| Movement of a body part forward is _____. | Protraction |
| Movement of a body part backward is ___. | retraction |
| Raising a body part is called ____. | elevation |
| Lowering a body part is called _____. | depression |
| What are 4 examples of synovial joints? | 1. Shoulder 2. Elbow 3. Hip 4. Knee |
Created by:
jesica99
Popular Nursing sets