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qbank 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| HbsAg is present when? | unvaccinated patient with tender hepatomegaly and liver function abnormalities, acute HBV infection during unprotected sex |
| What affect do NSAIDs have on the kidneys? | normally prostaglandins vasodilate the afferent arteries of kidneys, NSAIDs block these prostaglandins. results in prerenal azotemia. if prolonged, papillary necrosis and chronic interstitial nephritis can develop |
| ITP signs and symptoms? | epistaxis, ecchymoses, plt>9000 (should be 150k-400k) IgG against GpIIA/IIIB. |
| enlargement of which heart structure compresses mid-esophagus extrinsically? | Left atrium (especially if Rheumatic heart disease involved>mitral stenosis> LA enlargement) |
| dextroversion of heart, otitis media , infertility and sinusitis, reasons? | Primary ciliary dyskinesia (Kartagener syndrome), failure in dynein arms to develop properly |
| Cystic fibrosis chance in a baby with positive father and unknown carrier status mom? | its AR, chance for mom to be carrier is 2/3 and thus 1/2 if child has CF----> 1/3 is answer |
| why is there an umbilical protrusion during down syndrome? | incomplete closure of umbilical ring make umbilical hernia, it is reducible asymptomatic and resolves spontaneously in down syndrome, failure of recanalization can occur causing duodenal atresia |
| mutation genes in Parkinsons Disease? | Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1 |
| why is HbS more severe than HbC? | due to hydrophobic interaction between Hb molecules. Glu--> val is negatively charged to non-polar so this causes sickling of RBC (promoted by low O2, acid, dehydration in HbC glu--> lys is negative to positively charged so no hydrophobic interactions |
| During exercise what are the systole and diastole changes? | due to increased heart rate, the duration of the diastole is shorter that prevents adequate perfusion of L.V with coronary blood supply, ischemia in subendocardial region happens. myocardial perfusion does not happen during systole . |
| blood flow to radius formula? | directly proportional to radius to the power of 4 resistance is indirectly proportional to the radius of fourth power. blood flow reduced by 16 times means 50% radius blocked |
| Osteoblast hormones ? | Alkaline phosphatase and N-terminal Pro peptide type 1 procollagen. |
| fever, headache, malaise, chest pain, mild tachycardia, segmental pulmonary infiltrates, spherules packed with endospores? | coccidiodes immitis, southwestern US, inhalation by spores, barrel shaped hyphae give fluconazole or IV amphotericin B |
| In folate deficiency, what is inhibited and what can be added to prevent RBC apoptosis? | Formation of dTMP is inhibited and thymidine supplementation prevents this |
| an embryological structure derived from cardinal veins? | superior vena cava ascending aorta and pulmonary artery? truncus arteriosus ( neural crest migration, if failed ---> ToGA and ToF |
| First gen antipsychotics? | low-potent: Chlorpromazine and thioridazine (Blockage of H1, Chlorine and a-1) high potent: Haloperidol and fluphenazine (extrapyramidal) |
| Pt with Neisseria meningitidis has Waterhouse Friechrich, what component of vaccine can prevent this? | Capsular polysaccharide (quadrivalent -4 serotypes/ Serotype B has recombinant proteins) |
| TH1 associations? | Cell-mediated, macrophage and CD 8+, IL-2, IFN-Y, lymphotoxin B, cytotoxic T, delayed HSR pts who dont have enough 1l-12 give IFN-Y (stimulates Th0 to TH1) |
| TH2 associations? | Humoral, B-cell and antibodies, IL-4,5,10,13, class-switching |
| In tibial never injury what is the site of no sensation and position of foot? | Plantar foot sensation is lost and foot is in calcaneovalgus (everted and dorsiflexed) position |
| obstructive sleep apnea sx? | morning headaches, depression, excessive sleepiness, confusion, if chronic can lead to heart disease such as right heart failure relaxed upper airways |
| why do silicosis and tuberculosis go hand-in hand? | silica impair macrophages that makes pt susceptible to TB impaired phagocytosis and increases apoptosis |
| oxidase + catalase + non lactose fermenting gram -ve rod... organism? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa-UTI in indwelling bladder catheters |
| Labs in vWD, ITP, TTP-HU, DIC | Plt count: dec in all except vWD PT: normal in all except inc in DIC aPTT: inc in VWD and DIC, normal in ITP and TTP-HUS fibrinogen: all normal except dec in DIC |
| Anti- diabetes drugs | |
| opioid intoxication? | dec respo rate, miosis, dec bowel signs, hypotension |
| anti hyperlipidemc drugs | Statins Niacin, fibrates and fish oil PCSK9 inhib Ezetimibe bile sequestrants |
| adenomyosis ? | glands in myometrium can cause heavy bleeding and REGULARLY enlarged uterus |
| 5 dimorphic fungi | Sporo sphencki: round budding yeast cocci immitis: thick walled spherules histo capsulatum:inside macrophages blasto derma: single broad based bud/ pulmo pneumonia paracocci: mucocutaneous, blastoconidia |
| stage of oocyte immediately before fertilization? | metaphase of meiosis 11 |
| why is a baby with cystic fibrosis sleepy after vomiting breast milk? | hyponatremia |
| difference between monoclonal and polyclonal gene arrangements? | monoclonal: associated with malignancy polyclonal: associated with benign tumor |
| Fat embolism syndrome? | release of fat globuled from fracture of long bones onto microvessels, leading to respo failure, petechial rash, neuro dysfunction |
| MTX s/e? | damage in rapidly dividing tissues: ulcerations, heptotoxicity, diarhhea, alopecia. bone marrown |
Created by:
khulu
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