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Behavioural Ecology

Cryptic female choice

QuestionAnswer
What is cryptic female choice? ‘Female-mediated morphological, behavioral, or physiological mechanisms that bias fertilization toward the sperm of specific males’
Opportunities occur when... Females mate polyandrously (the norm)
How much fitness can females gain? In atlantic cod 9 males and 8 females Perform every cross combination (n=72) Calculate survival for each cross Average survival 0.30
In atlantic cod If females could encourage fertilisation in all the fittest males, big gains to be had
Problems with proving cryptic female choice? DIFFICULT to dissect apart male effects from female choice because often females benefit from being fertilised by the ‘best’ males
Why might males with big antlers win more fertilisations 1. CFC for males carrying big antlers? 2. Males with big antlers have more competitive sperm/get more matings/better timed matings etc?
In moths = when one male is larger, his sperm get used preferentially Cryptic Female Choice?
In moths = male size is irrelevant, the spermatophore size is what counts So male sperm traits? Not female cryptic choice?
In guppies Females prefer brighter males Male guppies stripped of gametes Sperm numbers equalised Sperm mixed from two males Females inseminated Paternity tracked in relation to male colour Brighter males have better sperm?
Potential opportunities for cryptic female choice?? Disrupt / encourage successful copulation / insemination Differential sperm transport Differential sperm storage Differential sperm rejection Differential sperm-egg compatibility Selective ovulation / oocyte / embryo reabsorption
Complex mating behaviours Complex female tracts and sperm management/sperm ejection
EXPERIMENT: Pair female to two different males in a sequence, one of which is more compatible – but only to her - then measure reproductive fitness Sperm storage controlled to increase fertilisation success
CFC IN SALMON x TROUT HYBRIDISATION IVF EXPERIMENTS - cryptic choice of conspecific sperm controlled by the impact of ovarian fluid on sperm swimming behaviour
Salmon perspective Mixed sperm of salmon and trout = focal male salmon is pure = focal male salmon is hybrid
Trout perspective Mixed sperm of salmon and trout = focal male salmon is pure = focal male salmon is hybrid FULLY INTER-FERTILE - BUT CONSPECIFIC SPERM PRECEDENCE WHEN EGGS GET A CHOICE!
What controls this conspecific sperm precedence The ovum? Ovarian fluid? = ovarian fluid changes sperm behaviour via experimental techniques Evidence suggests females can exert cryptic choice at a gamete level - does it apply within species?
Conclusions CFC opportunities widespread CFC potential benefits exist… BUT difficult to isolate More likely to occur when incompatibilities exist (inbreeding – outbreeding) Varying evidence for mechanisms - from whole animal to intimate gamete level
Created by: rose.coo
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