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chapter 7

nutriton

QuestionAnswer
fluid characterized by its ability to move freely adapting to the shape of the container that holds it
what is the percentage of a healthy adult body weight in fluid 50 and 70 percent
about two thirds of an adult body fluid is held where intracellular fluid
intracellular fluid the fluid held at any given time within the walls of the body's cell
what happens when cells take in to much fluid they swell and burst apart
what is the remaining third of body fluid refer to as extracellular fluid
extracellular fluid the fluid outside the body's cell, either in the body's tissue or as a liquid portion of blood or lymph
tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) flows between the cells that make up a particular tissue
intravascular fluid is found within blood and lymphatic vessels
lean tissue such as muscle is how much by weight 70% fluid
how much is fat tissue in fluid 10 to 20%
age and gender plays a role in what body fluid levels.
body fluid contains dissolved substance called solutes
what six major minerals are important to us sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium
we would die if our cells and tissue fluids contain only what pure water
table salt is made up of what sodium and chloride
what do we consume in compounds called salts the six major minerals
what are mineral salts called and why electrolytes because they dissolve in water.
electrolyte a substance that disassociates in solutions into positively and negatively charged ions and is thus capable of carrying an electrical current.
ion any electrical charged particle, either positively or negatively charged
what is the spark the stimulates the transmission of nerve impulses and causes muscles to contract? ion's electrical charge
what is positively charged sodium and potassium
what is negatively charged chloride and phosphorus
in the intracellular fluid what are the predominate ions potassium and phosphate
in the extracellular fluid what are the predominate ions sodium and chloride
solvent a substance that is capable of mixing with and breaking apart a variety of compounds. water is an excellent solvent
blood volume the amount of Fluid in the blood
when blood volume rises it causes what hypertension
hypertension is a risk factor for what heart attacks and strokes
hypotension causes us to feel what tired, confused and dizzy
what is a primary coolant? body fluid
cerebrospinal fluid protects brain and spinal cord
amniotic fluid protects a fetus in a womb
synovial fluid lubricates joints
tears cleanse and lubricate eyes
pleural fluid allows friction free expansion amd retraction within chest cavity
what is preamble to water cell membrane ( water flows through it easy)
electrolytes do not flow where cell membrane
osmosis the movement of water (or any solvent) through a semipermeable membrane from an area where solutes are less concentrated to area where solutes are highly concentrated
what governs the movement in and out of cells? osmosis
why do muscle contraction occur in response to stimulation of nerve cells
thirst mechanism a cluster of nerve cells in the hypothalamus that stimulate the desire to drink fluids in response to an increase in the concentration of blood solutes or a decrease in blood pressure and blood volume
the body's command center for fluid intake is a cluster of nerve cells located where. hypothalamus
metabolic water water formed from the body's metabolic reaction such as the breakdown of carbs, fats and proteins.
sensible water loss water loss that is noticed by a person, such as through urine output and visible sweating.
insensible water loss the loss of water not noticeable by a person, such as through evaporation from the skin and exhalation from the lungs during breathing
diuretic a substance that increases fluid loss via the urine
the DRI for water in Adut men 3.7 liters of total water per day (13 cups)
the DRI for water in adult women 2.7 liters of total water per day (9 cups)
public water is purified with what chlorine
what does milk provide calcium, protein, phosphorus, vitamin d and usually vitamin a
calcium fortified soy milk provides what. protein and calcium
all forms of tea come from what plant camelia sinesis
what is the percentage of teenagers and millennials who drink energy drinks teens- 30% mill- 65%
the kidneys excretion and reabsorption of sodium, helps sodium contribute to what. blood pressure regulation.
the recommended intake for sodium is what no more than 2,300 mg a day
pre hypertension or hypertension should limit sodium to what no more than 1.500 mg a day
hypernatremia blood sodium levels are high
hyponatremia blood sodium levels are low
hyperkalemia blood potassium levels are high
hypokalemia blood potassium levels are low
what is potassium role in the heart contracts cardiac muscle contractions
what can hyperkalemia lead to hearth dysrhythmias which are life threating
dehydration fluid loss exceeds fluid intake
chloride is obtained where. in our diet from sodium chloride
chloride is a part of what hydrochloric acid in the stomach
chloride works with what white blood cells during immune response to help kill bacteria
phosphorus is found in what form phosphate
phosphorus is found where in both plants and animals
phosphorus plays a critical role in what bone formation
what is the percentage of phosphorus stored in our bones? 85%
what is phosphorus apart of DNA & RNA
what is heat illness linked to dehydration in order of severity? heat cramps. heat exhaustion, heat stroke.
overhydration the dilution of body fluid, it results when water retention or intake is excessive.
heat cramps involuntary spasmodic, and painful muscle contractions that are caused by electrolyte imbalance, occurring as a result of strenuous physical activity in high environmental heat.
heat stroke (sun stroke) a potentially fatal response to high temperature characterized by failure of the body's heat- reregulating mechanism.
heat exhaustion. heavy sweating and moderately elevated body temp, that develops from dehydration in high heat.
Created by: arianasawyer
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