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Chapter 11
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the spinal cord,____ matter is surrounded by____ matter. | grey; white |
| A(n)____ is the simplest nerve pathway from a sensory receptor to an effector. | reflex |
| The ____ includes the thalamus and hypothalamus. | diencephalon |
| Where is the third ventricle? | Within the diencephalon |
| The____ is the thin meninx attached to the surface of the brain, containing many nerves and blood vessels | pia mater |
| Injury to the anterior roots of spinal nerves would result in lack of sensation from areas served by the affected nerve. T/F | false |
| What is the role of reciprocal innervation during a withdrawal reflex response? | to inhibit ipsilateral extensors |
| Describe the appearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | clear and watery |
| Short- term memory requires establishment of new synaptic connections. T/F | False |
| Katryn was in a car accident. Along with other injures, she injured her neck, damaging her C3 spinal nerves. Considering the dermatome associated with these nerves, she will experience interruption in the sensation of the skin of ___. | her neck |
| What is the correct order for the components of a reflex arc? | Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron R, SN, I, MN |
| What would result if the right lateral spinothalamic tract is severed? | pain impulses from the left side of the body would be blocked |
| What structure separates the two cerebral hemisphere? | Falx cerebri |
| Which is a descending tract in the spinal cord? | rubrospinal tract |
| With the exception of the corticospinal tracts, descending nerve tracts of the spinal cord are called extrapyramidal tracts. T/F | True |
| The spinothalamic tract conducts impulses___. | up the spinal cord to the thalamus |
| Over the course of several months, Morris has experienced twitchy muscles, difficulty speaking, clumsiness, and increasing weakness in his limbs. These symptoms are consistent with what neurological disorder? | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| During a meal, the ___nervous system stimulates digestive activity and slows heart rate. During exercise, the ___ nervous system inhibits digestion and increases heart. | Parasympathetic; Sympathetic |
| What type of sleep is dreamless and associated with decreased blood pressure and respiratory rate? | Non- REM sleep |
| How does the drug atropine influence the activity of the autonomic nervous system? | By blocking the action of acetylcholine |
| What functional area is located in the postcentral gyrus? | Somatosensory cortex |
| The ___ is located between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. | Transverse fissure |
| Via what structures do signals travel between the cerebellum and the rest of the CNS? | Cerebellar peduncles |
| After breaking her forearm, Riley lost motor function and the feeling in her fourth and fifth phalanges as well as that side of her hand. What nerve has/ have damaged? | Ulnar nerve |
| The grey matter of the spinal cord is divided into areas called___. | horns |
| An accident involving blunt-force trauma to the head has resulted in loss of vision for Hilary. What area of her brain was damaged? | Occipital lobe |
| What type of fibers are found in the spinal nerves? | Both motor and sensory neurons |
| Five spinal nerves arise from the cervical region of the spinal cord. Twelve arise from the thoracic region, five arise from the lumbar region, and seven arise from the sacral region. T/F | False |
| The dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges. T/F | True |
| Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the subarachnoid space. T/F | True |
| The visual and auditory reflex centers of the midbrain are found within what structures? | Corpora quadrigemia |
| Preganglionic sympathetic fibers enter the sympathetic chain via the white rami. T/F | True |
| The ___ is suspended from the hypothalamus via an infundibulum. | pituitary |
| The "buzz" experienced by smokers is due to the binding of nicotine to the category of ___ receptor called nicotine receptors. | cholinergic |
| What part of the brain assigns value to a memory? | Amygdala |
| From what nerve plexus does the phrenic nerve arise? | Cervical plexus |
| What is the function of the basal ganglia? | Facilitate and help coordinate voluntary movement |
| Cerebral cortex: a thin layer of gray matter forming the outermost part of the cerebrum T/F | True |
| What is a cerebrovascular accident? | Death of nervous system tissue due to blocked blood flow |
| The cerebral cortex is made up of ____matter, consisting of ____. | grey; neuron cell bodies and synapses |
| The fascicles of peripheral nerves are surrounded by what tissue layer? | Perineurium |
| What is the significance of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord? | It supplies nerves to the upper limbs. |
| Functionally, the adrenal medulla has the same effects of the body as the____ nervous system. | sympathetic |
| Long preganglionic neurons, short postganglionic neurons, and terminal ganglia are characteristic of what division of the nervous system? | Parasympathetic nervous system |
| The epineurium is composed of the nervous tissue. T/F | False |
| The route for cerebrospinal fluid to reenter the blood stream is via the choroid plexuses. T/F | False |
| The cerebral aqueduct contains CSF flowing from the ___ to the ___. | third ventricle; fourth ventricle |
| For most people, the dominant cerebral hemisphere is their ___ hemisphere. | left |
| Which of these fibers types are typically adrenergic? | Sympathetic postganglionic fibers |
| In meningitis( inflammation of the meninges due to infection), what structures would be inflamed and swollen? | The pia mater, arachnoid mater. and dura mater |
| Impulses conducted along the corticospinal tracts are ___ in nature and control____, | motor; voluntary muscle movements |
| Where is the fourth ventricle located? | Within the brainstem |
| The activity of the____ determines the degree of arousal or wakefulness of the cerebral cortex. | reticular formation |
| What comprises the central nervous system (CNS)? | Brain and spinal cord |
| What would be the effect of damage to Broca's area? | Loss of motor control needed for speech |
| The paravertebral ganglia are part of the_____ nervous system. | sympathetic |
| Which cranial nerves are primarily motor nerves innervating the muscles that move the eyes? | Oculomotor nerves (CN III), Trochlear nerves (CN IV), and the abducens (VI) |
| What is contained within the epidural space in the vertebral column? | Loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and adipose tissue |
| Following a brain injury, a soldier is now unable to speak. What area of the brain was most likely damaged? | Broca's area |
| The___ of the brain controls emotional responses and emotional expression in response to stimuli. | limbic system |
| Nerve fibers of the somatic nervous system serve the ___, and nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system serve the_____. | skin and skeletal muscles; viscera |
| What is found within the gray matter of the spinal cord? | Interneurons |
| The phrenic nerve arise from what nerve plexus? | Cervical plexus |
| Where is the primary motor area of the brain located? | Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe |
| With a subdural hematoma resulting from a blow to the head, where has the blood accumulated? | Between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater |
| The hypoglossal(CN XII) and glossopharyngeal nerves (CN IX) serve the tongue in addition to other structures. T/F | True |
| What is a function of the association areas of the frontal lobes? | Higher intellectual processes, including planning and problem solving |
| The choroid plexuses located in the____ secrete most of the cerebrospinal fluid present at any one time. | lateral ventricles |
| What part of the brain coordinates voluntary muscular movements? | Cerebellum |
| What are pyramidal cells? | Neurons originating in primary motor cortex that control skeletal muscles. |
| Which of the following is part of the basal nuclei? | Putamen |
| Cerebrospinal fluid reenters the blood via____. | arachnoid granulations |
| Which lobe of your brain are you using to answer this question? | Frontal lobe |
| What might result from injury to the reticular formation? | Unconsciousness or coma |
| The plexuses of the peripheral nervous system are formed by the ____ of the spinal nerves. | anterior rami |
| What is the expected response to the triceps- jerk reflex? | Extension of the forearm |
| What is a dermatome? | Region of the skin innervated by a single spinal nerve. |
| The arbor vitae are in the cerebrum. T/F | False |
| What is found within the dural sinuses? | Venous blood |
| Melinda has Parkinson disease. She has difficulty initiating voluntary muscle activity and exhibits the typical slow movements associated with the disease. What region of her brain is functioning abnormally, leading to these symptoms? | Basal ganglia |
| Sympathetic tone is the continuous stimulation of smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels, resulting in continual partial constriction. T/F | True |
| If fibers of an ascending tract of the spinal cord are cut, the individual will have a loss of motor function below the level of injury. T/F | False |
| When the flexor muscles of one arm contract in a withdrawal reflex, the extensor muscles of the other arm contract. What is this response called? | Crossed extensor reflex |
| The neurotransmitter_____ is secreted by the neurons of the basal nuclei. The degeneration of these neurons results in ____ disease. | dopamine; Parkinson |
| What is the effect of sensory nerve fibers crossing over? | The right cerebral hemisphere receives sensory impulses originating on the left side of the body and vice versa |
| On her way home from class, the driver in front of Caroline suddenly hits brakes, startling her. She is able to brake in time to avoid an accident, but she finds that her heart is racing and her palms are sweaty. What type of response did she experience | Activation of her sympathetic nervous system |
| What type of brain waves are prevalent during sleep? | Delta |
| What is one of the many functions of the hypothalamus? | Regulating body temperature |
| What is the cauda equina? | Bundle of nervous tissue that extends beyond tip of spinal cord |
| The gray commissure surrounds the central canal of the spinal cord .T/F | True |
| What is contained in the dorsal root ganglia? | Cells bodies of sensory neurons |
| Which cranial nerves are comprised of the only sensory fibers? | Olfactory nerves (CN I), Optic nerves (CN II), and Vestibulocochlear nerves (CN VIII) |
| The embryonic forebrain will give rise to what part(s) of the mature brain? | Cerebrum and diencephalon |
| The surface of the cerebrum is marked by grooves called_____ that separates ridges called____. | sulci; gyri |
| What statement describes cerebrospinal fluid? Correct answer | It maintains a stable ionic concentration in the brain and spinal cord. |
| What part of the brain assigns value to memory? | Amygdala |
Created by:
Peach226
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