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Sociology
Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sociology | A social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. |
| Sociological Imagination | The application of imaginative thought to the asking and answering of socialogical questions Sociologist use research methods to gather empirical data and evidence to support and develop hypotheses and theories about human stories |
| Social Structure | The underlying regularities or patterns in how people behave in their relationships with one another |
| Marx (1818-1883) | Believed all societies throughout history were based on social conflict |
| Social Classes | Marx believed that their were two and that they would always be in conflict - Capitalists: Own factories - Workers: Work for wages |
| Alienation | Marx believed that works suffered from alienation - Little control over how they do their work - Little autonomy - Product, means of production, each other, species being (what makes you human), and oneself |
| Durkheim (1858-1917) | Focused on social facts |
| Social Facts | (Durkheim) Things that exist outside the individual and put constraints on our behavior Not physical things but rather concepts that society generally agrees upon - Religion, currency, the nation-state, morality, chivalry, and the family |
| Structural-Functionalism | (Durkheim) The idea that a person is standing in a room with many door, the structure of the rooms constrains the range of options for the person |
| Anomie | Durkheim's view of society as ordered, integrated and "solid" is challenged when he thought about rapid social change Normlessness a situation in which social norms lose their hold over individual behavior - War |
| Weber (1864-1920) | Emphasized life chances |
| Life Chances | (Weber) A theory in sociology which refers to the opportunites each individual has to improve their quality of life |
| Bureaucracy | Weber was concerned that people will end up locked in a iron cage of rationality |
| Symbolic Interactionism | (Weber) A theoretical approach that emphasizes the roles of symbols and language as core elements of human interaction |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | Studied race and interactions between races Studied the health of urban blacks and whites to discover that racism rather than race was causing poor health of blacks compared to whites in the U.S. |
| Double Consciousness | (Du Bois) A way of talking about identity thorugh the lens of the experiences of African Americans Argued that American society lets African Americans see themselves through the eyes of others |
| Feminism | Advocacy of the rights of women to be equal with men in all spheres of life |
| Rational Choice Approach | The theory that an individual's behavior is purposive. In criminology, argues that deviant behavior is a rational response to a specific social situation |
| Concerted Cultivation | Parents actively structure their children's lives with organized extracurricular activities, playdates, and a focus on developing skills and talents |
| Natural Growth | Parents provide their children with more unstructured time for play and exploration |
| Looking-Glass Self | The way our perception of how others see us affects out sense of self |
| Generalized Other | The values and norm of the larger culture, that are used to guide your actions |
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