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COGS 2/22
COGS 2/22 Wrap Up of Spring Semester
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did behaviorism approach the study of learning and behavior? | Scientific Method |
| Why did behaviorists refrain from theorizing about the mind? | Behaviorists didn't talk about the mind because you can't directly see or test thoughts. |
| How did the Cognitive Approach test ideas differently from behaviorism? | The Cognitive Approach tested mental hypotheses indirectly through observable consequences of mental mechanisms, processes, functions, operations, or representations. |
| What were the limitations of behaviorism in studying mental processes? | The Cognitive Approach looked at behaviors that showed how our minds work, instead of just what we do. |
| In what ways did the Cognitive Approach test mental hypotheses? | The Cognitive Approach tested mental hypotheses by observing the external behaviors and outcomes that were indicative of underlying mental processes. |
| How were behaviorism and the Cognitive Approach different in studying thinking? | Behaviorism didn't look at thinking directly, while the Cognitive Approach looked at behaviors to learn about thinking. |
| How was the hypothesis tested? | The hypothesis was tested using the Dichotic Listening Task. |
| What was the prediction for the Dichotic Listening Task? | Stimuli presented to the unattended ear would not be heard. |
| What were the results of the Dichotic Listening Task? | Most unattended stimuli are unheard |
| Which theory does the Dichotic Listening experiment support? | Broadbent's Early Filter theory |
| What is the hypothesis regarding selective attention? | The hypothesis suggests that selective attention happens early on in the sensory processing stages. |
| What occurs in early stages of sensory processing according to the hypothesis? | According to the hypothesis, selective attention happens during the early stages of sensory processing. |
| What is the hypothesis regarding selective attention in this case in Hypothesis 2? | The hypothesis suggests that selective attention happens in later stages of sensory processing. |
| How was this hypothesis tested? | The hypothesis was tested using the Cocktail Party task. |
| What was the prediction for the Cocktail Party task? | The prediction was that unattended stimuli would be heard when they are relevant or important. |
| What were the results of the Cocktail Party task? | The results showed that one's own name is heard even when it is unattended. |
| Which theory does the 2nd experiment support? | This experiment supports the Late Memory Selection theory. |
| What is the hypothesis about attention in the 3rd case? | This idea suggests that first, without really thinking, our brains notice simple things like colors or shapes. Then, if we need to, we focus more on the details. |
| How was the 3rd hypothesis tested? | Tested using the Simple versus Integrated Feature Search Test |
| What was the prediction for the Simple versus Integrated Feature Search test? | They guessed that when you're looking for something easy, like a color, your brain can look at everything all at once. But for harder things, like finding a combination of colors & shapes, you have to look at each thing step by step |
| What were the results of the Simple versus Integrated Feature Search test? | Turns out, when there were lots of things to look at, finding the harder combinations slowed people down, but not the easy stuff. |
| Which theory does the 3rd experiment support? | This supports the idea that our brains quickly notice simple things w/out much effort, but when things get more complicated, we have to slow down and look closer. It's called the theory of Attentive Feature Integration. |
| What is the idea about memory in this Hypothesis 4: Working Memory Decays Without Maintenance? | This idea suggests that if we don't actively keep something in our minds, we forget it over time. |
| How was the hypothesis tested for Hypothesis 4? | Scientists tested this by seeing how well people remembered things after a little bit of time, with and without doing something to keep the memory fresh. |
| What was the prediction for the Memory Recall test? | They expected that if people were distracted and not actively thinking about the things they needed to remember, they'd forget more. |
| What were the results of the Memory Recall test? | The experiment showed that when people were distracted by counting backward, they forgot more of the things they were supposed to remember over time. |
| Which theory does the Memoery Recall test support? | This supports the idea that our memory fades if we don't actively keep it fresh in our minds. It's all about how our Working or Short-Term Memory works. |
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