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Respiratory System
Adenoids | lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx |
alveolus | air sac in the lung |
apex of the lung | tip or uppermost portion of the lung |
base of the lung | lower portion of the lung |
bronchioles | smallest branches of the bronchi |
bronchus | Branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the lung |
carbon dioxide | gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine |
cilia | thin hairs attached to the mucus membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract |
diaphragm | muscle separating the chest and the abdomen |
epiglottis | lid like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx |
expiration | breathing out |
glottis | slit like opening to the larynx |
hilum of the lung | midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs |
inspiration | breathing in |
larynx | voice box |
lobe | division of a lung |
mediastinum | region between the lungs in the chest cavity |
nares | openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities |
oxygen | gas that makes up 21 percent of the air |
palatine tonsil | one of a pair of almond shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx |
paranasal sinus | one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose |
parietal pleura | outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall |
pharynx | throat |
pleura | double layered membrane surrounding each lung |
pleural cavity | space between the folds of the pleura |
pulmonary parenchyma | essential parts of the lung, bronchioles and alveoli |
respiration | process of moving air into and out of the lungs |
trachea | windpipe |
visceral pleura | inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue |
adenoid/o | adenoids |
alveol/o | alveolus, air sac |
bronch/o, bronchi/o | bronchial tube, bronchus |
bronchiol/o | bronchiole, small bronchus |
capn/o | carbon dioxide |
coni/o | dust |
cyan/o | blue |
epiglott/o | epiglottis |
laryng/o | larynx, voice box |
lob/o | lobe of the lung |
mediastin/o | mediastinum |
nas/o | nose |
orth/o | straight, upright |
ox/o | oxygen |
pector/o | chest |
pharyng/o | pharynx, throat |
phon/o | voice |
phren/o | diaphragm |
pleur/o | pleura |
pneum/o, pneumon/o | air, lung |
pulmon/o | lung |
rhin/o | nose |
sinus/o | sinus, cavity |
spir/o | breathing |
tel/o | complete |
thorac/o | chest |
tonsill/o | tonsils |
trache/o | trachea, windpipe |
-ema | condition |
-osmia | smell |
-pnea | breathing |
-ptysis | spitting |
-sphyxia | pulse |
-thorax | pleural cavity, chest |
auscultation | listening to sounds within the body |
percussion | tapping on a surface to determine the difference in density of the underlying structure |
pleural rub | scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other |
rales (crackles) | fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation when there is fluid in the alveoli |
rhonchi | loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum |
sputum | material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting |
stridor | strained, high pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx |
wheezes | continuous high pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing |
croup | Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx |
diphtheria | Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium |
epistaxis | nosebleed |
pertussis | whooping cough |
asthma | chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production |
bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of a bronchus |
chronic bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long time |
cystic fibrosis | inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally |
atelectasis | collapsed lung |
emphysema | hyperinflation of air sacs with |
lung cancer | malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi |
pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis |
pneumonia | Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction |
pulmonary abscess | large collection of pus in the lungs |
pulmonary edema | fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles |
pulmonary embolism | clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung |
pulmonary fibrosis | formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs |
sarcoidosis | Chronic inflammatory disease in which the small nodules develop in the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs |
tuberculosis | infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
mesothelioma | rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura |
pleural effusion | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space |
pleurisy (pleuritis) | inflammation of the pleura |
pneumothorax | collection of air in the pleural space |
chest x-ray | radiographic image of the thoracic cavity |
CT of the chest | computer generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes |
MRI of the chest | magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral, and cross sectional planes |
PET scan of the lung | radioactive glucose is injected, and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs |
ventilation perfusion scan | detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas |
bronchoscopy | fiberoptic endoscope exam of the bronchial tubes |
endotracheal intubation | placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway |
laryngoscopy | visual examination of the voice box |
lung biopsy | removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination |
mediastinoscopy | endoscopic examination of the mediastinum |
pulmonary functions test | tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs |
thoracentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space |
thoracoscopy | visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope |
tracheostomy | surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck |
tuberculin test | determines past or present tuberculosis infection based on positive skin reaction |
tube thoracostomy | a flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest |
thoracotomy | large surgical incision of the chest |