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Pharmacology test 2
Pharmacology reproductive health drugs
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Treat Infertility | drugs that Control ovarian stimulation |
Control Ovarian stimulation | Menotropins and Human chorionic gonadotropins |
Mechanism of action of drugs that control ovarian stimulation | promotes ovulation by replacing LH and FSH ( human menopausal gonadotropin ) |
Adverse effects of drugs that COS | Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome; enlargement or ovaries and multiple births administered SubQ or IM |
Uterine relaxants | Terbutaline Nifedipine Magnesium Sulfate |
Uterine stimulants | Oxytocin Misoprostol |
Agents that prevent hemorrhage | oxytocin/ misoprostol |
Terbutaline | delays labor for about 48 hrs by agonizing beta 2 in the uterine smooth muscle |
Terbutaline adverse effects | Mom and baby tachycardia, pulmonary edema and hyperglycemia |
Nifedipine | Delays labor by inhibiting calcium channels in uterine smooth muscle; adverse effects are rare |
Magnesium sulfate | Neuroprotection to reduce the risk of preterm associated cerebral palsy for baby and seizures associated with preeclampsia/eclampsia for mom, inhibits ACH release at the neuromuscular junction |
Mag Sulfate adverse effects | Mom: transient tachycardia, flushing, headache, dizziness and nausea Contradicted in myasthenia gravis pts, renal failure, and hypocalcimia baby- may cause hypotonia muscle weakness |
Oxytocin Pitocin | stimulate uterine contractions and milk production drug of choice for induction cervical ripening must be complete; fetal lungs must be mature, fetus must be facing down and facing back |
oxytocin contradictions/ interrupt infusion | resting intrauterine pressure greater than 15-20 mmhg individual contractions longer than 1 minute contractions less than 2 minutes apart high fetal HR or rhythm changes |
Misoprostol and dinoprostone MOA | Promotes cervical ripening and uterine contractions by mimicking prostaglandins Drug of choice for cervical ripening |
Testosterone, fluoxymesterone, oxandronelone | male hormone replacement therapy MOB replaces testosterone |
Adverse effects of male hormone replacement therapy | edema prostate cancer hepatotoxicity- educate on liver dysfunction virilization unintended transfer teratogenesis- no for pregnant pts |
Anabolic steroids | nandrolone, stanozolol, methenolone |
Anabolic steroid's use | used to illegally enhance athletic performance promotes growth of skeletal muscle synthesis of erythropoiten to produce red blood cells |
steroids adverse effects | hypertension, suppresion of release of FH and FSH-testicular shrinkage Hepatotoxicity renal damage increase in LDL |
Tx for erectile dysfunction | PDE5 inhibitors |
Sildenafil Viagra | promotes vasodilation by inhibiting PDE5 requires a stimulus |
slidenafil adverse affects | Hypotension due to vasodilation Priapism- painful erection greater than 6 hrs rare sudden hearing loss and headache |
Sildenafil drug interactions | Nitrates- nitroglycerin both drugs increase cGMP and promote vasodilation when combined alpha blockers also cause dilation (prazosin) |
Tx for BPH | 5 alpha reductase inhibitors Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists PDE5 inhibitors Anticholinergics Botulinum toxin- directly injected in the prostate |
Dutasteride; finasteride | 5 alpha reductase inhibitors reduces prostate size by inhibiting 5 alpha reductase which causes epithelial tissue to regress |
Dutasteride adverse effects | decreased ejaculate volume and libido, gynecomastia risk of prostate cancer teratogenic to male fetus |