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Chapter 1

A & P I

AnswerQuestion
Organelles Subcellular structures with specific functions in a cell.
Cell The smallest unit of life responsible for all life functions.
Nucleus The organelle that stores genetic information.
Mitochondria The organelle that produces chemical energy for the cell.
Ribosomes The organelles that assemble proteins in the cell.
Tissues Groups of cells that work together to perform specific functions in the body.
Excretion The process of removing waste products and excess water from the body.
Positive Feedback A process in which changes cause additional similar changes, leading to unstable conditions. ex: giving birth, blood clots, lactation
Negative Feedback Mechanisms that restore the level of a biochemical in the environment to its normal range. ex: insulin decreases blood sugar
Homeostasis The dynamic state in which the body's internal environment is maintained within a normal range.
Life Living organisms respond to their surroundings, grow, reproduce, are responsive, move, and have metabolism.
Growth The increase in cell number and size, resulting in an increase in body size.
Reproduction The production of new cells and organisms.
Responsiveness The reaction to a change inside or outside of the body.
Movement The change in body position or location, as well as the motion of internal organs.
Metabolism The sum of all chemical reactions in a living system, including energy and nutrient cycling.
Respiration The process of acquiring energy by taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
Digestion The process of breaking down food into usable nutrients for absorption into the blood.
Circulation The movement of chemicals and cells through the body fluids.
Water The most abundant chemical in living systems, required for metabolic processes and organ function.
Cell Death The process in which cells reach the end of their lifespan and undergo predetermined cell death.
Parietal Pleura The serous membrane lining the cavity of the lungs.
Visceral Pleura The serous membrane covering the surface of the lungs.
Integumentary System The system consisting of the skin and its appendages, protecting the body from external threats.
Skeletal System The system of bones and cartilage providing support, protection, and movement.
Lymphatic System The system responsible for immune responses and fluid balance in the body.
Muscular System The system of muscles enabling movement and generating heat.
Digestive System The system responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients.
Nervous System The system controlling and coordinating body functions through electrical signals.
Respiratory System The system responsible for oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal.
Urinary System The system responsible for filtering blood and eliminating waste through urine.
Cardiovascular System The system responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, and oxygen throughout the body.
Reproductive System The system responsible for producing offspring.
Abdominal Pelvic Regions The regions of the abdomen and pelvis where specific organs are found.
Cavities in the Head The cranial, frontal, oral, sphenoidal, nasal, and orbital cavities in the head.
Sections The frontal, transverse, and sagittal sections used to divide the body for study.
Assimilation the process of absorbing nutrients during digestion and distributing them to the body for growth and repair
Life and their Characteristics Growth, reproduction, responsiveness, movement, metabolism, respiration, digestion, circulation, & excretion.
Centenarians characteristics genetics, healthy lifestyle, positive outlook, social connections, adaptability, stress management, moderate diet, continued learning, regular physical activity, stress management, adaptability
Wrinkling and sagging skin with aging the skin naturally becomes less elastic and drier, with less fat and collagen in the deeper layers.
Platelets also known as thrombocytes that result from fragmentation of large cells called megakaryocytes
Regions on the body Cranial, vertebral, thoracic, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, left pleural, right pleural
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