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Unit 8: LA History

TermDefinition
hacienda Spanish agricultural plantations throughout Latin America during the colonial period.
Conquistador A conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors, of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
indigenous Term referring to the native peoples or species of a given place
New World General term used to describe the newly discovered Americas during the European Age of Exploration; North and South America
Old World the regions of the world that were known to Europeans before the discovery of the Americas; Europe, Asia, Africa
transatlantic slave trade The enslavement and forced transportation of 12-15 million Africans to the Americas between the 15th and 19th centuries; associated terms include the triangular trade and the middle passage across the Atlantic.
triangular trade The forced movement of enslaved Africans, manufactured products, and raw materials between the Americas, Europe, and Africa.
Columbian Exchange The movement of peoples, agricultural commodities, diseases, and cultures between the Old World and New World during the European Age of Exploration.
globalization Process of interaction and integration among various parts of the world through commercial and cultural exchange.
Iberian Referring to the nations and cultures of Spain and Portugal.
Roman Catholic The largest denomination of Christianity in the world to date; Both Spain and Portugal were this during the age of exploration and colonization, which is why the region of Latin America sees a heavy influence of it today.
Romance languages Referring to the languages and cultural characteristics which evolved out of the Latin-speaking Roman Empire.
Spanish Language Spoken throughout most of Latin America, due to the Spanish empire colonization.
Portuguese Language the official language of Brazil; the most-spoken language on the continent given Brazil's estimated 208 million population.
Fulgencio Batista former president and later dictator of Cuba prior to the 1959 Cuban Revolution
Fidel Castro former communist dictator of Cuba who led the ouster of Fulgencio Batista in the 1959 Cuban Revolution; seized power in 1959, and declared Cuba a communist state.
Communist Cuba January 1, 1959 - Present; All American-owned property on the island - as well as all Cuban-owned private businesses, factories, and farmland - was declared the property of the state. Personal freedoms were suspended; media outlets were shutdown.
Cold War sociopolitical, military, and economic conflict between the world's Western capitalist democracies (i.e., Western Europe and the United States) and its Eastern communist regimes (i.e., the USSR and Cuba) from the end of World War II through 1991.
communism an economic system wherein private ownership is largely forbidden and all industries and resources are under the control of the state
coup the act of overthrowing an existing governing authority
Cuban Missile Crisis 13 day stand off between the US and USSR during the Cold War. The Cuban government agreed to allow the U.S.S.R. to build a missile launching complex on the island. This was discovered by U.S. intelligence in 1962.
embargo economic policy which blocks all trade with a given nation; In response to Castro's repressive takeover, the United States placed this on Cuba, which blocked the island's sugar exports to American markets.
Bay of Pigs An unsuccessful invasion (coup) of Cuba in 1961, which was sponsored by the United States. Its purpose was to overthrow Cuban dictator Fidel Castro.
John F. Kennedy president of the United States at the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis
Nikita Khrushchev leader of the Soviet Union at the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis
Soviet Union abridged name used to describe the former communist government of Russia during Cold War; also known as the U.S.S.R. After the U.S. embargo against Cuba, this country became fast friends with the new Cuban leadership, agreeing to purchase its sugarcane as
rural an area that is largely countryside; this is in contrast to an urban (i.e., city) area
Treaty of Tordesillas A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
missions Religious settlements run by Catholic priests and friars to convert indigenous people to Christianity
Created by: heather.chapman
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