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EH - Water Pollution
Environmental Health Test 1 - Water Pollution
| A stream purifies itself every ten miles. True or False? | False |
| The solution to pollution is dilution. True or False? | False |
| What is the Clean Water Act? | Clean Water Act deals with surface water and discharge into surface water. Ponds, lakes, and streams, wherever our drinking water comes from. |
| What are examples of bacteria contamination in water? | Typhoid Fever and Cholera |
| What are examples of parasites in water? | Cryptosporidium. An invisible parasite that is detected in stool samples. This parasite is resistant to chlorine. |
| What happened with the Broad Street Well? | Dr. John Snow found that the majority of people that died of cholera obtained drinking water from the Broad Street well. Sewage had spilled into the pump's water supply. |
| What did John Snow do? | He removed the handle from the pump to stop people from getting water. Snow pioneered "epidemiology." |
| What is the objective of waste water treatment? | When you put water back into the environment, to make sure it doesn't further contaminate it. To maintain the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of water. |
| What are two sources of water pollution? | Point Source and Nonpoint Source |
| What is Nonpoint Source Pollution? | Polluted runoff caused by rainfall or snowmelt. Pollution is picked up and natural, human-made pollutants are carried away. |
| What is Point Source Pollution? | A single, identifiable, localized source of air, water, thermal, noise, or light pollution. Discharges are even and continuous |
| What are the two categories of point source pollution? | Sewage treatment plants and industrial discharges |
| What are the 5 types of nonpoint source pollution? | Agriculture, construction activities, urban street runoff, acid mine drainage, airborne pollutants |
| What is leading source of water pollution? | Agriculture |
| What are three control measures for agriculture/farm runoff? | Add conservation buffers to catch runoff (control runoff) Implement nutrient management techniques (nitrogen and phosphorus) Control livestock access to waterways (fences) |
| What is a control measure to stop runoff from construction sites? | Retain existing trees Retention ponds Limiting time on site Scheduling |
| What is urban street runoff? | A type of nonpoint source pollution. Stems from city streets and sidewalks. Consists of sand, dirt, road salt, oil, grease, and heavy metals |
| What is a control measure for urban street runoff? | Street sweeping Disposal of pet waste Limiting application of garden fertilizers and pesticides More green space French drains |
| What is acid mine drainage? | A type of nonpoint source pollution. Involves contamination from the mines. Dissolves heavy metals into ground and surface water. |
| What is a control measure for acid mine drainage? | Regrading and revegetation Seal openings to abandoned mines Engineered wetlands |
| What are the two components of acid rain? | Sulfur and nitrogen |
| What does nitric acid do? | Lowers pH in water and soil |
| What are control measures for airborne pollutants? | Scrubbers on power plants Catalytic converters reduce NOx emissions on cars |
| What are the three levels of sewage treatment? | Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Treatment |
| What is the goal and aim of sewage treatment? | Water is clean when you put it back into the environment |
| What is the function of bar screens? | Designed to filter out debris. Keeps out large items |
| What is the function of the grit tank? | Designed to further filter water. Gravel and grit are filtered out through water slowing down. |
| What is a primary clarifier? | Another name for a sedimentation tank. Water sits for a long time and sediment sinks to the bottom, while water rise to the top. This separates the sludge. |
| Explain Secondary Treatment | Air is injected into the water to maintain aerobic conditions. Required by all municipalities. Aeration is used to digest organic materials. |
| What is a Trickling filter? | Bed of crushed stones that microorganisms go over to break down waste water. Biological process. |
| What is sludge? | Found in the bottom of the sedimentation tank. Contains urine and fecal matter. Also known as biosolids. |
| What is Biosolids landfarming? | Biosolids are either burned or taken to landfills and used to condition farming. Solids are treated physically and chemically. Used as soil amendment. Fertilize crops or other vegetation. |
| What is tertiary treatment of wastwater? | When treated wastewater is used for drinking, irrigation, or recreation. Removes nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) that negatively impact waterbody where wastewater is discharged. |
| What is Biological nitrogen removal? | Removing nitrogen, phosphorus, and other chemicals. |
| What is eutrophication? | Algal blooms in water caused by nitrogen and phosphorus. |
| Describe disinfection of wastewater. | Chlorine, Ozone, and Ultraviolet light are most widely used. |
| National goal of the Clean Water Act is to? | Identify toxic substances and regulate sludge. Restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of water. |
| Describe onsite wastewater treatment. (Septic tanks) | Filters down through the soil to the groundwater. |
| What are the two components to a septic tank? | The septic tank and the drainfield. |
| What are two problems associated with industrial discharge? | 1. Structural damage to the system through corrosion 2. Interference with biological processes. Beneficial microorganisms are killed. |
| What are two examples of artificially constructed wetlands? | Tennessee Valley Authority and The Arcata Marsh and Wildlife Sanctuary |
| How many years do the sludge on top of a septic tank needs to be removed? | 3-5 years |
| How can we avoid problems created by industrial discharge? | Pretreatment of the industrial discharge. |
| What is an example of a synthetic organic chemicals in water? | Pharmaceuticals |
| How do pharmaceuticals end up in water? | Drugs exit the body through urine, which ends up in receivable water. |
| Where does lead in drinking water come from? | Lead poisoning stems from home plumbing systems. |
| Where does blue baby disease (methemoglobinemia) come from? | Stems from nitrates |
| What does the safe drinking water act deal with? | The Safe Drinking Water Act deals with drinking water. |
| Environmental changes stem from... | El Nino, the movement of warm water |
| How did an outbreak of cholera frequently coincide with algal blooms across the coast of South America? | Outbreaks stemmed across the coast of South America, reaching Columbia to Chile, due to El Nino moving algal blooms. Thanks to climate change. |
| What is Hypoxia? | Dead zones in water that occur due to a lack of oxygen in water |
| What are solutions to hypoxia? | Cut down on fertilizer, specifically in the midwestern states. Bring in and restore wetlands |
| Where are nitrogen and phosphorus found? | In fertilizer and fecal matter |
| What is pfiesteria? | A parasitic algae that eats fish causing open sores in the fish |
| What do algal blooms stem from? | Nitrogen and phosphorus |
Created by:
cjbarlow123
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