Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Gross Anatomy Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| curvature of the spine that reflects the original shape of the embryo (thoracic and sacral regions), concaves anteriorly, kyphosis | primary curvature |
| curvature of the spine that is concaved posteriorly and brings the center of gravity into a vertical line (cervical and lumbar regions), lordosis | secondary curvature |
| how many vertebrae are in the spine | 33 |
| region of spine, 7 vertebrae | cervical |
| region of spine, 12 vertebrae | thoracic |
| region of spine, 5 vertebrae | lumbar |
| region of spine, 5 fused vertebrae | sacral |
| region of spine, 3-4 fused vertebrae | coccyx |
| part of vertebrae, anterior, major weight-bearing component of the bone | body |
| part of the vertebrae, firmly anchored to the posterior surface of the body by 2 pedicles which form the lateral pillars of the arch and anchor the arch to the body | arch |
| what is the roof of the vertebral arch formed by | right and left laminae |
| the vertebral arch of a typical vertebrae serves as an attachment point for ____ and ____ and sites of articulation with adjacent ____ | muscles; ligaments; vertebrae |
| what part of the vertebrae project posteriorly and generally inferiorly from the roof of the arch | spinous processes |
| where a spinal nerve exits the vertebrae | inferior vertebral notch |
| where the body of a vertebrae connects with the arch | pedicle |
| part of the vertebrae where the transverse process meets the spinous process | lamina |
| small size, presence of a foramen in each transverse process, typically has a foramen transversum, atlas and axis, spinous process is short and bifid | characteristics of cervical vertebrae |
| C1, articulates with the head, lacks a vertebral body, has an articular surface to articulate with the dens of the axis | atlas |
| C2, articulates with atlas, dens presents anterior and posterior articular facets that participate in the median atlantoaxial joint | axis |
| articulation with the ribs, each articulates with at least 1 rib pair, typically articulates with 2 rib pairs, body is somewhat heart-shaped with a circular vertebral foramen | characteristics of thoracic vertebrae |
| large and do not articulate with ribs, transverse processes are long and thin except on L5 due to its articulation with the sacrum, last one is the heaviest and largest of all vertebrae since it is weight-bearing | characteristics of lumbar vertebrae |
| occurs most frequently at the L5-sacrum articulation | spondylolisthesis |
| single bone that represents 5 fused vertebrae, has an apex inferiorly, articulates with L5 and inferiorly with the coccyx, has 2 large L-shaped facets for articulation with pelvic bones, ant and post sacral foramina for the passage of post and ant rami | sacrum |
| small triangular bone that articulates with the inferior end of the sacrum and has 3-4 fused vertebrae, absent of vertebral arches and a vertebral canal | coccyx |
| gradual loss of bone density and strength, has been shown to be age-related, can be a gradual collapse of thoracic vertebrae, results in the excessive curvature of the thoracic region (kyphosis) | osteoporosis |
| bony canal that the spinal cord lies within along with soft tissue elements, commences at the foramen magnum and terminates at the sacral hiatus just above the coccyx | vertebral/spinal canal |
| layer of vertebral arch, thick in contrast to the arachnoid and pia mater, outermost layer, lies directly against but not attached to the arachnoid mater, separated from surrounding bone by an extradural space containing connective tissue and fat | dura mater |
| layer of vertebral arch, covers spinal cord, relatively thick and gives rise to longitudinal projections known as denticulate ligaments, inner layer | pia mater |
| layer of vertebral arch, second layer, separated from the pia by the subarachnoid space which contains cerebrospinal fluid | arachnoid mater |
| ligaments that anchor the spinal cord to arachnoid mater | denticulate ligaments |
| internus is constructed of pia mater and anchors the conus medullaris to the caudal end of the spinal dural sheath | filum terminale |
| where does the spinal cord end in an adult | L1 and L2 |
| matter rich in nerve cell bodies | gray matter |
| matter rich in nerve cell processes and tracts | white matter |
| contraction/action: from insertion back to origin | scapula, humerus, vertebral column |
| joint where scapula and humerus meet | glenohumeral |
| insertion point for latissimus dorsi on humerus | intertubercular sulcus |
| part of humerus that articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula | humeral head |
| part of humerus that houses the radial n. as it travels down the arm | radial groove |
| part of the humerus where the deltoid attaches | deltoid tuberosity |
| fossas on the scapula that house muscles | supraspinous and infraspinous fossas |
| part of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle (acromioclavicular joint) | acromion |
| part of the scapula that provides attachment points in the arm | coracoid process |
| synovial ball and socket articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, surrounded by an articular capsule, covered by a thin layer of articular cartilage, forms rotator cuff | glenohumeral joint |
| makes up the fibrous membrane of the joint capsule, contributes stability | capsular ligament |
| pockets of synovial fluid, allows movement with less friction | bursa |
| axillary fold muscles (latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, teres major) are responsible for ____ of the arm | adduction |
| supraspinatus m. = 15 degrees deltoid = 15-90 degrees at 90 degrees, the humerus bumps into the acromion so scapular rotation takes place trapezius and serratus anterior m. = 90-180 degrees, rotates the scapula | abduction of the glenohumeral joint |
| where the ulnar n. runs on the humerus | trochlea |
| where the ulna's olecranon articulates with humerus | olecranon fossa |
| where the ulna articulates with the trochlea | trochlear notch |
| where the radius head sits, head turns with supination and pronation | radial notch |
| injury where bone in joint is pulled out and down | subluxation |
| injury where bone in joint is pulled out and laterally | dislocation |
| flexion (towards humerus, muscles), extension (away from humerus, arm straight out), supination (holding a bowl of soup, radius rotates laterally), pronation (palm down, radius rotates medially) | movements at the elbow |
| which forearm bone articulates with wrist bones more and gets wider towards the wrist | radius |
| extension (up towards the head), flexion (down towards the toes), abduction (lateral movement), adduction (medial movement), circumduction (circular motion) | movements at the wrist |
| scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium | order of carpals anteriorly (lat. to med. and then med. to lat.) |
| radiocarpal, intercarpal, carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal | joints of the hand and wrist |
| palmar radiocarpal, radial collateral, ulnar collateral, dorsal radiocarpal | ligaments of the hand |
| extends superiorly across the ant. concavity of the carpal bones and forms the roof of the carpal tunnel, deep, goes over carpal tunnel, spans laterally from the scaphoid and trapezoid carpal bones to the pisiform and hamate bones medially, anterior | flexor retinaculum |
| superficial, spans laterally from the anterior radius to the pisiform and triquetrium carpal bones medially, posterior | extensor retinaculum |
| flexion (bend towards palm), extension (extend thumb outward), adduction (aligned with other fingers), abduction (point away from palm), opposition (thumb and pinky together) | movements of the thumb |
| abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, hyperextension | movements at the digits |
| muscle in arm that crosses elbow joint, considered to be in forearm as well | brachioradialis |
| fascia in the arm that creates a "sleeve" outside the m. and contributes to venous drainage back to the heart | brachial fascia |
| septum that separates and creates compartments in the arm | medial and lateral intermuscular septums |
| what does the long head of the biceps brachii travel through | intertubercular surface |
| lateral (prox. and lat.), long (middle of post. side), medial (most distal and med.) | heads of triceps brachii |
| flexor carpi radialis tendon, flexor pollicis longus tendons, ulnar n., median n., flexor digitorum superficialis tendons, and flexor digitorum profundus tendons | structures that travel through the carpal tunnel |
| has attachment points on the iliac crest | latissimus dorsi |
| attachment point for inguinal ligament | pubic tubercle |
| structures travel from inside pelvis, through foramen, and down to lower limb; or travels posteriorly | obturator foramen |
| butt bone, what you sit on | ischial tuberosity |
| attachment points for muscles, also post. spines | ant. sup. iliac spine (ASIS) and ant. inf. iliac spine (AIIS) |
| forms bony portion of foramen as structures traveling to lower body | greater and lesser sciatic notches |
| fusion between pubis and ischium | ischiopubic ramus |
| attachment points for gluteal region and thigh | greater and lesser trochanters |
| attachment point for muscle, inferior and medial | adductor tubercle |
| provides attachment points for muscles in the anterior and medial compartments of the thigh, ligaments cross knee joints, bigger bone in lower leg | tibia |
| connection with medial and lateral epicondyles of femur | medial and lateral condyles |
| stable ball and socket synovial joint between the lower limb and the pelvic girdle | hip joint |
| ligament that stops dislocation inferiorly | transverse acetabular |
| cartilaginous, provides stability, "lip" on edge of acetabular surface | acetabular labrum |
| cushioning and shock absorption, protects artery, provides stability | fat pad in acetabular fossa |
| iliopsoas (strongest flexor), adductor longus (adduction), adductor magnus (flexor/extensor depending on part, adduction), adductor brevis (adduction), pectineus m. (flexion, adduction) | anterior and medial compartment of the thigh |
| hip flexion (thigh out straight), knee flexion (foot back), hip extension (thigh posteriorly), knee extension (foot out front), dorsal flexion (toes up), plantar flexion (on toes) | movement of the lower limbs |
| large sesamoid bone that is formed in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscles after birth | patella |
| lateral meniscus, medial meniscus, medial collateral ligament, infrapatellar fat pad, lateral collateral ligament (CLC), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) | supporting elements of the knee |
| tarsals; metatarsals; proximal, middle, distal phalanges | bones of the foot |
| calcaneus, talus (articulates with tibia), navicular (boat-shaped), cuboid, medial cuneiform, middle cuniefrom, lateral cuneiform | tarsal bones |
| tarsometatarsal, transverse tarsal, subtalar | joints of the foot |
| lateral plantar fascia, medial plantar fascia, plantar aponeurosis | fascia of the plantar surface of the foot |
| opening or apeture between the parts of the adductor magnus m. (medial compartment), passageway to structures from the anterior thigh to the posterior leg, transmits the femoral a. & v. before exiting as the popliteal a. and v., allows comm. btw. muscles | adductor hiatus |
| ant. and lat. by vastus medialis m., post. by the adductor longus m. and adductor magnus m., medially by sartorius m. | boundaries of adductor hiatus |
| large oval-shaped apeture in the thick fascia (fascia lata) of the thigh is present in the superomedial portion of the thigh and transmits the great saphenous v. | saphenous opening |
| triangular landmark useful in dissection and in understanding the relationships of the groin as it appears as a triangular depression in the ant. thigh, inguinal ligament is the superior boundary, roof is the fascia lata | femoral triangle |
| funnel-shaped tube that passes deep to the inguinal ligament and terminates by blending with the adventitia of the femoral vessels, has compartments | femoral sheath |
| fat-filled compartment of the lower limb that sits posteriorly to the knee joint as a diamond-shaped depression | popliteal fossa |
| superomedial: tendons of semimembranous with semitendinosous superficial to it superolateral: tendon of biceps femoris inferomedial: med. head of gastrocnemius inferolateral: lat. head of gastrocnemius and plantaris roof: skin and popliteal fossa | borders of popliteal fossa |
Created by:
emma.scarmon-coyotes
Popular Anatomy sets