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A&P I Chapter 14

QuestionAnswer
What division is responsible for bringing information TO the CNS? Afferent Division
2. What division is responsible for delivering information FROM the CNS? Efferent Division
3. Know the special senses. What differentiates these? Olfaction, Vision, Gustation, Equilibrium, Hearing/ Provided by special sensory receptors (sense organs: eye, ear)
Know the general senses. What differentiates these? Temp, Touch, Pain, Pressure, Proprioception, Vibration/ Do not have specialized receptors or dedicated organs
4. Explain the difference between a sensation and a perception. The arriving info from the senses
Explain the difference between a sensation and a PERCEPTION. Conscious awareness of a sensation
5. What does it mean for a receptor to demonstrate specificity? Receptors have a characteristic sensitivity. Ex: pressure receptor cannot detect temp
6. Explain the difference between a LARGE receptive field and a small receptive field. It's difficult to localize a stimulus. Single receptive call that covers a large area (back of shoulder)
Explain the difference between a large receptive field and a SMALL receptive field. Has multiple receptive cells/ neurons in an area (finger tips)
7. Which is better for localizing a stimulus, a small or large receptive field? Small
8. What does it mean for a sensory receptor to adapt to a stimulus? Reduction of sensitivity of a constant stimulus that is painless
9. Which types of sensory receptors adapt QUICKLY? Slowly? Odor, Touch, Temp
Which types of sensory receptors adapt quickly? SLOWLY? Vision, Pain, Some types of pressure
10. Where are nociceptors commonly found? Superficial portions of skin/ Join capsules/ Within periostea of bones/ Around walls of blood vessels
11. What types of stimuli do nociceptors respond to? Temp extremes/ Mechanical dmg/ Dissolved chem, such as chems released by injured cells
12. Where are thermoreceptors found? Dermis/ Skeletal muscles/ Liver/ Hypothalamus
13. What types of stimuli do thermoreceptors respond to? Extremes of hot and cold.. interpreted as painful
14. What types of stimuli do mechanoreceptors respond to? Stretching/ Compression/ Twisting/ Other distortions of the membrane
15. What are the three classes of mechanoreceptors? Tactile/ Baroreceptors/ Proprioceptors
16. What are the three types of tactile sensations? Touch/ Pressure/ Vibration
17. What is the difference between FINE and crude receptors? Extremely sensitive/ Relatively narrow receptive field/ Provides detailed info about source of stimulation
18. Where are baroreceptors found? What do they detect? Walls of blood vessels & portions of digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts// Pressure
19. Where are proprioceptors found? Monitors positions of joint and muscles
20. What do you think would happen without proprioception? We wouldn't have body awareness
21. What do chemoreceptors monitor? pH, carbon dioxide, O2 lvl in arterial blood
22. Define: somatic Generally related to the skin, bones, and muscles
Define: visceral Related to the internal organs of the trunk
Define: sensory Related to info received about environmental conditions inside or outside of the body
Define: motor Related to a command from the CNS to a certain part of the body that causes mvmt or action
23. What is a sensory pathway? The path through the body that a sensation takes to get to the brain
24. Which types of neurons typically cross to the other side of the CNS? What is this called? Second- order neurons// Decussation
25. What type of neuron is necessary for you to become aware of a sensation? First- order neurons
26. Understand how the CNS sends somatic motor commands via upper and lower motor neurons. Where is each located? Carry sensory info from the skin and musculature of the body, wall, head, neck, and limbs to the CNS
27. Which brain regions provide background control, coordination, and feedback for movement? Basal nuclei and Cerebellum
17. What is the difference between fine and CRUDE receptors? Large receptive fields/ Provides poor localization/ Gives little info about the stimulus
Created by: Clinton Perdue
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