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Pharmacology Unit 1
Intro/ Anti-infectives
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the number one way to prevent the spread of infections? | Frequent hand-washing |
| Infections that occur in locations other than hospitals and nursing homes are called? | Community-associates infections |
| The BEST way to determine what ABT should be used to treat an infection is ______. | Culture and sensitivity testing |
| When a drug treats both gram-negative and positive bacteria, it is called a ______ ABT. | Broad spectrum |
| T or F An ABT can be used to treat a virus. | False |
| A common adverse reaction of antibiotics are _______. | Superinfections |
| T or F Women should be cautioned to use a back-up birth control method with ABT. | True |
| A common side effect of antibiotics includes _______. | GI disturbance |
| T or F A person given an ABT Rx can take half of their pills to treat the infection. | False |
| T or F Antivirals cure a viral infection. | False |
| What type of drugs generic name end in -vir? | Antiviral |
| What action phase is optional because drug may be dissolved? | Pharmaceutic |
| IV drugs last shorter in blood than _____ meds. | Oral |
| Oral drugs combined GI tract must 1st pass through the _____ by entering the blood. | Liver |
| ______ is the time it takes to get rid of a drug in the body. | Half-life |
| What is the MAIN way that medications are excreted from the body? | Kidneys |
| Medications work in the body of _____-_____ interaction. | Drug-receptor |
| What is an undesirable effect of a drug? | Adverse Reactions |
| When 2 drugs combine and cause a reaction greater than each drug alone is called? | Synergistic reaction |
| T or F Pregnant females can take any OTC or Rx drug. | False |
| What is the difference from a trade name and generic name? | Trade name is capitalized while generic is lowercase |
| T or F Trade name drugs are cheaper than generic. | False |
| Which phase of pharmacokinectics? | Metabolism |
| T or F The drug ibuprofen is the trade name of a drug. | False |
| What are the 6 R's? | Right time, Right patient, Right documentation, Right dose, Right drug, Right route |
| Which DEA drug classification has no legal use and a high potential for abuse as well as dependence? | Schedule I |
| What route of administration has the greatest portion to reach the CV system quickly? | Intravenous |
| T or F The liver metabolizes medications | True |
| T or F An example of synergistic effect would be combining opioid pain medications with large quantities of alcohol combining to cause severe respiratory depression. | True |
| If a drug has a 2-hour half-life, how much of the drug is eliminated after 4 hours? | 75% |
| T or F Most OTC drugs are a schedule VI controlled substance. | True |
| T or F When two drugs combine and cause a reaction greater than the effect of each drug is called an additive interaction. | False |
| While reviewing a patient's culture and sensitivity test results, a nurse learns that the bacteria causing Mr. Robert's infection are sensitive to Penicillin. Will the penicillin be effective in treating the infection? | Yes the penicillin will be effective |
| A patient with a viral infection would be prescribed which of the following to shorten the length of the virus? Valtrex (valacyclovir) Diflucan (flucanazole) Nystop (nystatin) Keflex (cephalexin) | Valtrex (valacyclovir) |
| Infections picked up during a hospital stay are considered ____. | Healthcare-associated infections |
| Often patients will be given antibiotics prior to a procedure like surgery. This is called _____ therapy. | Prophylactic |
| What are common adverse reactions to oral antivirals? | Nausea and vomiting |
| T or F Leaving a fungal infection open to air is a non-pharmacological treatment for the fungal infection. | True |
| Mr. Daniels who is receiving penicillin, reports a sore mouth, black and furry tongue, and has bright red oral mucosa. These are signs of a ______. | Superinfection |
| A patient on a course of ABT reports with a red rash in the folds of skin, redness in the mouth, itching, white patches in the mouth and throat, and a burning sensation in the mouth and throat. These are signs of a _____. | Superinfection |
| The use of broad spectrum ABT without culture and sensitivity testing is called _____ therapy. | Empiric |
| Some antibiotics can cause photosensitivity reactions because of: | exaggerated sunburn reaction when the skin is exposed to sunlight. |
| Common side effects of taking antibiotic therapy can include which of the following? a. bradycardia, skin rash, insomnia b. skin rash, constipation, headache c. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea d. hypotension, dizziness, skin rash | C. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
| A patient asks why her health car provider prescribed an antibiotic when she was told that she has a viral infection. The most correct response is that the antibiotic may be used to prevent a(n) _________. | Secondary bacterial infection |
| Sulfa- | Sulfonamides |
| -cillin | Penicillin |
| Cef- or ceph- | Cephalosporins |
| -cycline | Tetracyclines |
| -mycin | Macrolides |
| -mycin (clindamycin) | Lincosamides |
| -flaxacin | Fluoroquinolones |
| -vir | Antivirals |
| -azole | Antifungals |
| Bactericidal: | Kills bacteria |
| Bacteriostatic: | Inhibits bacteria growth |
| Key to treating is: | culture and sensitivity testing of the bacteria |
| Medicating before culture; broad-spectrum ABT is what type of therapy? | Empiric Therapy |
| Rx after culture results is what type of therapy? | Definitive Therapy |
| Used to prevent infection is what type of therapy? | Prophylactic Therapy |
| Over the counter drugs are on what schedule? | Schedule VI |
| Two drugs combined, but still equal the effect of each drug alone (1+1=2) | Additive interaction |
| Two drugs combined, cause a reaction greater than the effect of each drug alone (1+1=4) | Synergistic Interaction |
| One drug decreases or cancels the effectiveness of another drug | Anatagonistic Interaction |
| Pharmacology: | Study of drugs and their actions on living organisms |
| Contraindictations: | Big 3 Kidney failure/disease liver failure/ disease pregnancy |
| Drug choices are influenced by _____, ______, _______, ____, and ______. | age, weight, gender, disease, and pregnancy |
| Gram positive and negative: | Broad spectrum |
| Antibiotics only treat ____ _____ they do not work on ______. | Bacterial infections; viruses |
| ABT mechanisms of action interfere with _____, _____, _____, and ______. | Cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA replication, and reactions in the bacterial cell. |
| A patient's response to antibiotic therapy can be assessed by asking them ________. | Whether the patients symptoms have been relieved |
| Patient's taking ABT's should be encouraged to _____ in order to improve absorption. | 6-8 ounces of water |
| Which ABT should not be taken with alcoholic beverages during the course of treatment and up to 3 days after ABT consumption? | Cephalosporins |
Created by:
audbennett
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