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Lit Terms

Literary Analysis Terms

TermDefinition
denotation the dictionary definition of a word
connotation the feelings/emotions or ideas a word evokes
pathetic fallacy giving human emotions/feelings and behaviors to weather/nature
juxtaposition intentional side-by-side placement of two or more ideas for the purposes of developing comparisons and contrasts
syntax sentence structure (ordering of words, fluency)
parallel structure (parallelism) repeated phrasing or grammatical structures
narrative shift sudden change in point of view, focus, or setting in a story
anaphora repeated phrasing or grammatical structure in the BEGINNING of a sentence
litotes understatement, often with "no" or "not" placed before a word to emphasize the opposite
allusion reference to an outside-the-text person, place, thing, or idea
motif repeated images/ideas in a text that relates to and develops the theme
aphorism short statement that gives wisdom/advice
foil characters characters that contrast each other in order to emphasize/highlight certain traits
tragic hero a character whose flaw brings about their death/destruction causing them to fall
tragic flaw (hamartia) the flaw that leads to a character's downfall (death/destruction)
catharsis the audience's release of fear and pity at the end of a tragedy
symbol an object/image, which represents or stands for something else (has both literal meaning within the text and an additional meaning)
hubris having excessive pride or self-confidence as one's tragic flaw
allegory a text in which multiple symbols create a philosophical, social, historical, etc. commentary
simile comparison between two things using "like" or "as."
theme the essential idea, lesson, or philosophy that the writer wants the reader to understand (abstract nouns)
tone the writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject, the audience, or themselves; the emotional meaning
protagonist the main character in a work of fiction; not always the hero
characterization the ways in which characters are presented directly and indirectly (speech, thoughts, effects on others, actions, looks/appearance)
diction the distinctive vocabulary (words) of a particular author; word choice
foreshadowing where a writer gives a hint of what is to come later in the text
imagery a detailed representation through language of sensory experience either sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, or movement.
metaphor a comparison is made between two seemingly unrelated subjects WITHOUT using like or as
verbal irony a figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant
situational irony an outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected
dramatic irony when audience (or readers) know something that the characters do not
epigraph short quotation at the beginning of a text used to suggest a theme
synecdoche using a part of an object to represent the whole
Created by: saunella
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