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CM EM GU
CM Emerg Med
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Oliguria = | output <400 cc/day (or 0.5-1.0 cc/kg/hr) |
| Pre-renal ARF: ineffective circulating volumes; may be due to: | Sepsis (early); Anaphylaxis; 3rd space sequestration (pancreatitis, peritonitis, ischemic bowel) |
| Renal ARF: glomerular causes | Post-infective glomerulonephritis (GAS, after 1-3 wks; pneumococcus, staph); SLE; Vasculitis; H-S purpura |
| Renal ARF: vascular causes | Thrombosis; TTP/ DIC; NSAID OD; Severe HTN; HUS |
| Renal ARF: tx | LD dopamine; Mannitol in early rhabdomyolysis; Dialysis |
| UTI tx | Sulfonamides; FQ; Nitrofurantion (safe in pregnancy); usu 3 days; 7 days if: Pyelonephritis; PG; complicated, frequent UTIs / Prior tx failure |
| UTI: cx if: | Pyelonephritis; Resistant or recurrent UTIs; Men |
| 90% of stones are: | radiopaque |
| Calcium oxalate or phosphate stones | 75%; occasionally with chronic hypercalcemia (hyperparathyroidism) |
| Magnesium – ammonium – phosphate (struvite) stones | 15%; secondary to recurrent infection (urease producing bacteria) |
| Uric Acid / cystine stones | History of gout |
| Stones: DDx | AAA; Appendicitis; Tuboovarian Abscess (TOA); Ectopic Pregnancy |
| Urolithiasis: dx imaging | noncontrast CT (high sensitivity); US (hydronephrosis; good for PG); KUB (less specific) |
| Urolithiasis admit criteria | Infection / Sepsis; Complete Obstruction; Deteriorating renal fn; Intractable N/V; Solitary kidney; Very large or proximal stones |
| Epidydimitis has a _______ onset | gradual |
| Spermatocele | Asx; separate from & superior to testicle; aspiration: white cloudy fluid |
| Testicular tumor | firm, nontender mass; does not transilluminate |
Created by:
Abarnard
on 2010-05-07