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Nervous System HB
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| astro- | star |
| audi- / oto- | hearing |
| auto- | self |
| -ellum | smaller |
| cereb- / enceph- | brain |
| dendr- | treelike |
| gli- | glue |
| inter- | between |
| mening- | membrane |
| neuro- | nerve |
| oligo- | few |
| opt- | vision |
| photo- | light |
| polar- | end |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | all nerves not found in the brain or spinal cord |
| Afferent nerves | sends impulses from the senses to the CNS |
| Efferent nerves | sends impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands |
| sensory imput | detects stimuli inside and outside the body |
| respone | activation of muscles (motor output) or glands |
| integration | processing and interpreting information |
| neurons | conduct impulses around the body |
| neuroglia | "nerve glue" support, insulate, and protect the neurons |
| interneurons | connect afferent and efferent neurons |
| myelin | waxy insulation around the axon of a neuron wade by a Schwann cell |
| neurilemma | outer layers of the Schwann cell |
| nodes of renvier | gaps in the myelin sheath |
| astocytes | support and anchor neurons to cappillaries |
| microglia | provide immune response to CNS |
| Ependymal cells | secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid |
| oligodendrocytes | provide myelin insulation to neurons |
| satellite cells | support and anchor neurons |
| Schwann cells | provide myelin insulation to neurons |
| synapse | where two neurons meet |
| synaptic cleft | space in between two neurons |
| nerotransmitters | a chemical substance secreted by a neuron that aids in the transmission of the nerve impulse to an adjacent neuron |
| action potential | recording of electrical change in membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated |
| nerve impulse | a signal transmitted along a nerve fiber that consists of a wave of electrical depolarization that reverses the potential difference across the nerve cell membranes |
| meninges | three layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord |
| dura mater | thick, tough layer of the meninges |
| arachnoid membrane | thin, cobweb-like layer of the meninges |
| pia mater | thin layer containing lots of blood vessels in the meninges |
| cerebellum | structure of the brain that lies above the pons and medulla. Deals with synergy |
| cerebral cortex | outer layer of each cerebral hemisphere, consisting of many multipolar neurons and nerve cell fibers |
| cerebral hemisphere | convoluted mass of nervous tissue located above the deeper structures |
| home of consciousness, memory, and sensory perception | cerebral hemisphere |
| cerebrum | the largest part of the brain |
| sulcus | indented region or groove in the cerebral cortex between the ridges |
| corpus collosum | bundle of nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the cerebrum |
| gyri | ridges of the cerebrum |
| sulci | grooves of the cerebrum |
| cerebral cortex | "gray matter," made of cell bodies and dendrites |
| cerebral medulla | "white matter," made of myelinated axons |
| basal nuclei | islands of gray matter |
| What does the frontal lobe control? | voluntary movements, reasoning and decision making, memory, ability to predict consequences of actions, planning, verbal communication (Broca's area) |
| What does the parietal lobe control? | sensations (pain, temperature, touch), visual-spatial processing, body position |
| What does the occipital lobe control? | visual processing- vision, and memory of objects |
| What do the temporal lobes control? | memory, comprehension, and pronunciation of words, sensations of smell and sound, emotional association of memories |
| thalamus | region of the brain that acts as a relay center. It receives all sensory input, except for smell, and then relays it to the sensory and association cortex |
| hypothalamus | structure in the brain located beneath the thalamus. It consists of many aggregations of nerve cells and controls a variety of functions aimed at maintaining homeostasis. |
| What does the hypothalamus control? | autonomic processes (body temperature, metabolism), hormones, emotions and feelings of pleasure |
| brain stem | part of the brain that consists of the medulla and pons. Controls breathing and reticular activating systems that control many basic body functions |
| What is the function of the midbrain? | relays information to the cerebrum and controls body movements and posture |
| What is the functions of the pons? | carries information from one side of the brain to another. Also controls breathing |
| What is the functions of the medulla oblongata? | transmits impulses between the brain and spinal cord. It controls blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing, and coughing |
| reflex | automatic response to a stimulus |
| reflex arc | a neuronal pathway by which sensory impulses from receptors reach effectors without traveling to the brain |
| sensory receptors | dendrites that react to a certain external or internal stimulus |
| What do mechanoreceptors detect? | touch |
| What to thermoreceptors detect? | temperature variation |
| Another name for pain receptors | nociceptors |
| What do chemoreceptors detect? | chemicals |
| What do photoreceptors detect? | light |
| Free nerve endings | sense pain, temperature, touch, and pressure |
| Meissner's corpuscles | encapsulated nerve endings found in hairless skin that detect light touch |
| Hair follicle receptors | detect movement of hair |
| Ruffini's corpuscles | detect deep pressure and stretching of skin |
| Pacinian corpuscles | encapsulated nerve endings that detect deep pressure and vibrations |
Created by:
LFeldmann
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