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Stack #40505
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sequence of the Parts of the Digestive Tract | mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
| Alimentary Canal | mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
| Walls of the Digestive Tract- Layers | mucous membrane, submucosa, smooth muscle, serous membrane |
| Mucous Membrane | provide lubrication |
| Submucosa | contains a very rich blood supply and nerves |
| Smooth Muscle | provides for peristalsis; muscular layer; peristalsis begins in the esophagus |
| Esophagus | peristalsis begins here |
| Serous Membrane | serosa; connective tissue layer; forms part of the peritoneum |
| Divisions of the Peritoneum | mesentery, greater omentum, lesser omentum |
| Mesentery, Greater Omentum, Lesser Omentum | these three structures are shaped lika a fan; contain fat which hangs like an apron to protect the internal organs of digestion |
| Mouth | uvula, hard palate, soft palate, teeth |
| Uvula, Hard Palate, Soft Palate | roof of the mouth |
| Teeth | mastication |
| Deciduous Teeth | baby teeth |
| Pharynx (throat) | bolus |
| Bolus | a portion of food mixed with saliva |
| Esophagus | muscular tube that mixes the bolus of food with mucus; peristalsis, smooth muscle |
| Stomach | LES, pyloric sphincter, rugae, chyme, HCL, pepsin, intrinsic factor |
| Stomach | j-shaped organ; holds about 2qts of food; has sphincter muscle; extremely muscular; fats stay here longer |
| LES | lower esophageal sphincter; AKA cardiac sphincter; closes off, controls the flow in and out; separates the esophagus and the stomach |
| Pyloric Sphincter | found between the stomach and the duodenum |
| Rugae | folds in the stomach lining that aid in expansion of the stomach walls |
| Chyme | mixture of food with hydrochloric acid and pepsin in the stomach |
| Lining of the Stomach | HCL, pepsin, intrinsic factor |
| Two Main Subtances Within the Lining of the Stomach | HCl, Pepsin |
| HCl | secretion within the lining of the stomach; hydrochloric acid; parietal cells in the lining of the stomach secrete this substance; very important to digestive health; keeps the stomach at a low pH (acidic) |
| Pepsin | secretion within the lining of the stomach; protein-digesting enzyme; need it to absorb proteins- break down into amino acids |
| Intrinsic Factor | present in the lining of the stomach; necessary for the absorption of B12 (water soluble vitamin); if isn't present will develop pernicious anemia- a lot in elderly and people who have had portions of the stomach removed; IM injections of B12 |
| Intestines | small intestine, large intestion, vermiform appendix |
| Small Intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum, lymphatic capillaries, microvilla, |
| Duodenum | attached to the stomach |
| Function of the Small Intestine | to absorb the products of digestion; absorption takes place through the villi |
| Lymphatic Capillaries | structure within the villus; AKA lacteals |
| Lacteals | lymphatic capillaries; absorb fat |
| Microvilla | nutrients absorbed through these and then into the villus and the lacteal, put into the blood stream |
| Absorption | the process by which the end products of this kind of digestion (lacteals, villus) are transferred into the blood stream |
| Function of the Large Intestine | to absorb water; performs peristalsis, incubation of bacteria as it aids in the production and absorption of Vitamin K (fat soluble vitamin) |
| Divisions of the Large Intestine | cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus |
| Cecum | first part of the large intestine; connects with the small intestine at the ileocecal junction |
| Ileocecal Junction | where the small intestine and large intestine join; ileocecal valve |
| Ileocecal Valve | prevents the backflow of food into the small intestine; opens into the cecum |
| Ascending Colon | goes upward; bends and forms the hepatic flexure |
| Hepatic Flexure | where the large intestine bends (by the liver) |
| Transverse Colon | from the right side to the left side |
| Descending Colon | goes downward |
| Splenic Flexure | where the transverse and descending colon meet;(bend by the spleen) |
| Sigmoid Colon | s-shaped portion of the large intestine (colon); bottom of the large intestine |
| Anus | the opening |
| Internal and External Sphincter Muscles | an inch or so apart; must go past with both with suppositories; internal holds stool |
| Vermiform Appendix | right off the cecum; hollow pouch; don't know its function; causes many problems |
| Sequence of the Process of Digestion | ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination |
| Ingestion | mouth, esophagus, stomach |
| Digestion | stomach |
| Absorption | small intestine; lacteals absorb fat; villi absorbs sugars and amino acids (proteins) |
| Elimination | large intestine, rectum, anus |
| Salivary Glands | parotid glands, submandibular glands, sublingual glands, salivary amylase |
| Salivary Glands | have three main parts that come in pairs |
| Parotid Glands | below and in front of the ear |
| Submandibular Glands | AKA submaxillary; near the lower jaw |
| Salivary Amylase | begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates; enzymes secreted by the salivary glands |
| Accessory Organs | liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
| Liver | in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen; the largest glandular organ; contains the portal system |
| Portal System | drains blood from liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine; detoxifies blood before it goes back to the inferior vena cava |
| Functions of the Liver | converts glucose to glycogen and vice versa, stores glycogen; detoxifies the body of drugs; synthesis of urea; forms blood plasma proteins; manufactures bile; modifies fats; stores some vitamins and iron |
| Bile | emulsifies fat; breaks it down; gets fat ready for digestion; stored in the gallbladder (pouch like) |
| Gallbladder | stores bile that is produced in the liver (only function); most of this structure lies behind the liver; is pouch-like |
| Ducts of the Gallbladder | cystic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct |
| Cystic Duct | duct from the gallbladder |
| Common Bile Duct | AKA common hepatic duct; duct from the liver; bile comes through this duct and through the cystic duct to the gallbladder; picks up secretions from the pancreatic duct |
| Pancreatic Duct | runs through the pancreas; drains into the common bile duct |
| Duodenum | all the secretions from the common bile duct drain into this structure; it absorbs the nutrients; digestion continues here |
| Pancreas | produces the enzymes lipase, amylase, and tripsin as well as insulin |
| Enzymes of the Pancreas | drain from the pancreatic duct into the common bile duct into the duodenum; help to digest fats, carbohydrates and protein |
| Lipase | helps digest fats |
| Amylase | helps digest carbohydrates |
| Tripsin | helps digest protein |
| Insulin | hormone produced by the pancreas; secreted directly into the blood stream; beta cells produce it; |
| Cholecystokinin | hormone that stimulates enzyme release that aids in the digestive process |
Created by:
Supernurse