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ES Unit 5 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Troposphere | 0-10 km, 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, 0.1% trace elements, Weather occurs, hot air balloons fly, 75% of atmospheric mass, Water cycle creates greenhouse gases |
Stratosphere | 10-50 km, Nitrogen, oxygen, Ozone (O3) layer absorbs UV rays, Ozone getting thinner due to air pollution, Airplanes fly here |
Mesosphere | 50-85 km, Nitrogen, oxygen, Meso means middle, Asteroids burn up here, Coldest layer (drops to -90°C) |
Thermosphere | 85-500 km, Nitrogen, oxygen, helium, Aurora borealis/australis occurs here, Warmest layer (up to 2000°C), keeps Earth’s surface temp constant, Ionosphere ionizes atoms, transmits radio waves |
Exosphere | 500-10000 km, Air incredibly thin (atoms can travel 1 km without bumping into one another!), Hydrogen and helium, Protects us from solar flares, Satellites orbit Earth here |
Greenhouse Effect | Trapping of the sun’s warmth by the atmosphere, It keeps us alive! Otherwise Earth would be covered in ice and -18°C, Greenhouse gases are mostly natural, BUT, humans do contribute to it with air pollution and other emissions! |
Acid rain/deposition | “precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid.” |
Aragonite | calcium carbonate mineral that shellfish use to build their shells. Less aragonite → more susceptible to ocean acidification. |
5 types of pollution | Air, Light, Noise, Soil, Water |
Eutrophication | Excess nutrients in the water, usually due to agricultural runoff, that causes algal blooms and dead zones. |
Carbon dioxide caused by | Manufacturing |
Fluorinated gas caused by | Refrigerants |
Methane caused by | Rangelands |
Nitrous Oxide caused by | Croplands |