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Ancient Egypt
Unit 3- Ancient Egypt
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is stimulus diffusion? | To take an invention or idea and change it to meet your needs |
| Give an example of stimulus diffusion related to the ancient Egyptians. | writing - the Mesopotamians used cuneiform; the Egyptians created hieroglyphics |
| Describe the delta | triangular shaped, 100 Miles wide, flat, fertile land at end of the Nile |
| List 5 ways that the Nile was beneficial to the Ancient Egyptians: | Provided a sense of direction, Provided silt for fertile soil, Fresh drinking water, Trade and Travel, Water to irrigate crops |
| Describe Lower Egypt (location and geography) | Northern Egypt; where the Nile ends, fertile land |
| Describe Upper Egypt (location and geography) | Southern Egypt; where the Nile begins, has cliffs and canyons |
| Describe Egypt’s climate. | hot, dry, arid |
| What were the benefits of the desert? | protected Egyptians from invaders, |
| What is silt? | Natural fertilizer left behind after the Nile flooded to create fertile land |
| inundation-June through September | the Nile floods the surrounding land, farmers built pyramids |
| emergence- September through February | the water seeps into the ground leaving silt to make the soil fertile, farmers plowed fields and planted crops |
| drought- February through June | When the water level of the Nile was low. Farmers harvested the crops |
| Problem was flooding during emergence and drought | Created irrigation canals- lowered water level, levees- mounds of dirt along the river bank , both prevent flooding |
| Low water level | Created the shaduf- Helps lift water over the river banks to irrigate crops |
| Mineral Copper | Used to make weapons |
| Mineral Gold | Used to make jewlery |
| Mineral Limestone | Used for pyramid building |
| Mineral Natron | Used to dry out the body for mummification |
| What is social mobility? | movement between the social classes |
| Did Social mobility exist in Egypt? | Social mobility existed if they worked hard |
| How were social classes determined? | Determined by birth and importance of job |
| Why are the social classes shown in the shape of a pyramid? | the most power was in the hands of the few at the top- 1 Pharoah, vizier, noble |
| What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? | made laws, led the army, made final decisions |
| How was a pharaoh different from a king? | The pharaoh was a god, a king was not. |
| Who were the nobles? | vizier, scribe, priest |
| Who is the vizier and what are his responsibilities? | advisor to the king, supervised building projects and irrigation canal upkeep |
| What were scribes exempt from? | heavy manual labor |
| What is the biggest misconception about slaves? | they built the pyramids |
| Why were hieroglyphics created? | to keep track of trade/ receipts |
| What did scribes record using hieroglyphics? | receipts for trade, taxes, wars, laws, cycles of the Nile |
| What is the importance of the Rosetta Stone? | helped us understand and decode hieroglyphics therefore understanding Egyptian way of life |
| What is monotheism? | belief in one god |
| What is polytheism? | belief in many gods |
| What is the afterlife? | life after death |
| What is mummification? | process of preserving a body |
| Why did Egyptians mummify the dead? | they wanted the soul to recognize the body for the afterlife |
| Why were pyramids built? | Burial chamber/tombs for pharaohs |
| Why did Egyptians bury the dead with their belongings? | they believed they would need these items in the afterlife |
| Why did Egyptians stop building the pyramids? | they took too long to build, they were too expensive, and they were easy to find and rob therefore there would be NO afterlife |
| List three reasons the Middle Kingdom is referred to as “The Golden Age”. | trade grew,resurgence of art and literature, growth of armies |
| Hatshepsut | First female pharaoh, Encouraged trade and travel with other civilizations |
| Amenhotep (Akenaten) | Wanted Egyptians to believe in ONE God, the sun god Aten |
| What was the importance of King Tut’s tomb? | His tomb wasn’t robbed so his body and belongings were found which helped us to better understand how the Egyptians lived. |
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