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History Unit 3
Conflicts in North, South, and West
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Mexican American War | MAW | Causes (1846 - 1848) | - Manifest Destiny - Texas - California - President James K. Polk |
| Manifest Destiny | - Political Philosophy believed God intended US to span from East to West Coast. - Protestant & American Nativism was a big motivator for U.S. expansion. - Economic goal: Buy California coastland for sea trade with China & Far East. |
| American Nativism | Protestant Hatred of Catholics |
| Texas | - Most Texans think the MAW was the reason why US has Texas but no. - Became a US state in 1845, 1 year before war began - US & Mexico disagreed on borders between Texas & Mexico. - US: Border | Rio Grande - M: Border | Nueces River (Further to N) |
| California | - By 1846, Over 35,000 Americans immigrated to California and that year organized a revolt. - The Bear Flag Revolt |
| The Bear Flag Revolt | - Support from US Army led by Capt. John C. Fremont - Led to the creation of The Republic of California (New Nation) - However, Mexico never recognized California as a new republic. |
| President James K. Polk. | - Believer in Manifest Destiny - Pressured Mexico to sell the Mexican Cession to US for 30 Mill. M refused. |
| Mr. Polk's War (Another name for MAW) | - Illegally sent US troops into Texas-Mexico borderlands (Undisclosed territory) Act of war - Illegally sent US troops led by Capt. Fremont to aid the Bear Flag Revolt. - Drafted the Declaration of War against Mexico in 1846 |
| The Mexican American War Results | - Total military victory for US (8/9 Won by US) - US Marines took the Mexican capital at Mexico City - Mexican Government forced to sign the peace treaty. - Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | - Mexico forced to sell Mexican Cession to the US for 15 Mill. (US offered 30 Mill. originally) - Removed the cost of the war (15 Mill.) from the last offer. - Mexico recognized the Rio Grande as the Southern Border of Texas - Double insult to Mexico |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo #2 | - US recognized California as a independent nation. (Republic of California) - Didn't get California from Mexico as a result of MAW |
| The Mexican American War Results: Manifest Destiny | - Manifest Destiny is achieved - US got the Oregon Territory in 1846 from England - US got Gadsden Purchase in 1853 from Mexico |
| The Compromise of 1850 | - Last decade before the Civil War - Pro-slavery (Andrew Jackson) Southern Democrats ruled all 3 branches of government. - US government wanted CA as a new state because sea trade and the Gold Rush - Everyone knew CA would be a Free State |
| Everyone knew CA would be a Free State. Why? | - Cotton couldn't grow there so slavery wouldn't be profitable - Had been Anti-Slavery since 1821 (Under Mexico) |
| Why the Missouri Compromise could not be used to admit California? | - No new slave state to admit alongside CA - The 36'30 Line would have divided CA in half - The Missouri Compromise only applied to the Louisiana Purchase |
| The Compromise of 1850 Result | - California was admitted as a Free State - 2 New Federal Territories were created - Popular Sovereignty will be used in new territories - The 1850 Fugitive Slave Act was passed - Slave trade banned in D.C. |
| 2 New Federal Territories | - Utah Territory - New Mexico Territory |
| Popular Sovereignty | - Territorial Citizens vote for either slavery or free soil - Both North and South congressmen favored this plan |
| The 1850 Fugitive Slave Act | - Replace the 1796 Fugitive Slave Act (Northern States ignored) - Paid Northern Federal Judges $5 to hear fugitive slave cases - Paid the judges $10 for each guilty verdict |
| National Sectionalism 1850 | - Main cause for the US Civil War (1861 - 1865) - North (Free Soil) vs. South (Slave) over Western Federal Territories - By 1850, 4 plans to solve NS emerged - Sectionalism: Sections of Land (South, North, West) |
| 4 Plans for Settling National Sectionalism | - Extend the Missouri Compromise line out to CA (Favored by North) - Wilmot Proviso - Popular Sovereignty - Common Property |
| Wilmot Proviso | - Slavery shouldn't be allowed in the Mexican Cession territories - In Utah and New Mexico Territories - Favored by North |
| 3 National Sectionalism Geopolitical Battles | - Bleeding Kansas - The Dred Scott V. Sanford Case - John Brown’s Raid |
| Bleeding Kansas | - Precursor of The Civil War - Unintended consequence of The Kansas-Nebraska Act |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | - Designed by Stephen Douglas - TCRR Western Terminus in Northern CA (Gold Rush) - Transcontinental Railroad: The Easter Terminus was up for debate because it would make the city the next big state since immigration and jobs. 4 States wanted ET. |
| Stephen Douglas | - Wanted to heal the Democratic party to be a president candidate (Lost to Lincoln) - Lived in Chicago - A Northern Democrat (Rare) - Free Soil Advocate - Willing to compromise on slavery - For popular sovereignty |
| 4 States wanted ET | - Chicago, IL (Free Soil) - St. Louis, MO (Pro-Slavery) - Memphis, TN (Pro-Slavery) - New Orleans, LA (Pro-Slavery) |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act: Douglas Plan | - He wanted ET but 3/4 states were Pro-Slavery so Chicago would never win. - So, he offered something more important to the Southern Democrats for them to leave the race. - Offered Popular sovereignty in the New Western Territories |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act Result | - Southern Democrats believed that the people would vote for slavery if given the chance which would spread political slavery. - The Pro-Slavery states left and gave ET to Chicago, IL. - 2 New Territories were created: Kansas and Nebraska |
| Prior to Bleeding Kansas | - Popular sovereignty was used here because of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Of course, both territories picked slavery. - Only care about Kansas since we can farm there and not Nebraska. |
| Bleeding Kansas: Supposed to Happen (Supposed to be peaceful& Democratic) | To qualify as a state, 3 things happen. - 10,000 people need to move there. - 2 Constitutions were made, one with slavery and one without it, and people voted. - Once they pick, they have to decide the territory's capital and then elect a governor. |
| Bleeding Kansas: What Actually Happened | - John Brown’s Sons (Abolitionists and from Virginia) and Quantrell’s Raiders (Slavery and from Missouri) used weapons to persuade the people to vote for their beliefs. Thus, led 2 territorial capitals to be formed. - Both corrupt since killed people |
| 2 Territorial Capitals | - 1st | Lecompton (Pro-Slavery) - 2nd | Topeka (Free Soil) |
| Bleeding Kansas Result | - Supreme court (All D) ruled that Lecompton was right since it was 1st & that Nebraska was Pro-Slavery even tho no one was there. D are winning through corruption. - No Economic slavery in Kansas since no cotton can grow there but Political Slavery. |
| Political Slavery | Not actually slavery, just used to gain seats in Congress. |
| The Dred Scott V. Sanford Case | - Most corrupt Case in History - Virginia: Largest Slave State - Dred Scott: Body servant/assistant slave |
| The Dred Scott V. Sanford Case: What Caused the Case | - Army Dr. John Emerson lives in Virginia and gets transferred around a lot since military and wants to raise up his career. - So, he went to the frontier and brought his slave, Dred Scott, with him. |
| The Dred Scott V. Sanford Case: Traveling | - They were transferred to Missouri from Virginia. On the way there, they passed to a little territory, Wisconsin (Never been a slave before there) - John Emerson dies in Missouri through natural causes. Scott ran to Illinois (Free Soil). |
| The Dred Scott V. Sanford Case: Illinois W | - Illinois was proud to accept runaway slaves & make them citizens. (Even tho he was still a runaway slave) Of the following 2 years, he was allowed to - Be a citizen - Get married - Had 2 children that was recognized as free also - Owned property |
| The Dred Scott V. Sanford Case: Mrs. Emerson | - Mrs. Emerson bought a bounty hunter to find Scott and bring him back to Virginia. - He arrested him and taken to federal court. |
| The Dred Scott V. Sanford Case: ACLU W | - Scott lost a lot but kept appealing with the help of ACLU to represent him for free all the way to Supreme Court (All D) - American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU): Helps minorities and gave lawyers and money |
| The Dred Scott V. Sanford Case: What Ruling Was | - Ruled he was a slave and had no right to appeal to federal court. - The Supreme Court saw this case as an opportunity to get The Common Property Doctrine. |
| Common Property Doctrine | - Stated Slavery is a Natural Right of Man - Congress can't restrict slavery in any federal territory - So popular sovereignty doesn’t matter, all slavery. - Most conservative S Idea on the NS Issue - Doesn’t apply to States because States’ rights |
| John Brown | - Slowly going Insane - Likes to kill people - Used to be an Abolitionist 1854 (Gave up on because that would never happen with the government currently) - Now Emancipationist 1850 |
| Abolitionist | Wants slavery to be illegal - Needs an amendment which is hard since needs to go through Congress. - 3/4th of states in order to ratify it |
| Emancipationist | Physically removed slaves from pro-slavery places to free soil, still slaves. - Ex: Underground Railroad |
| John Brown's Raid (1859) | - John Brown and Sons planned to raid the Virginia Federal Arsenal (Harpers Ferry Arsenal) in hopes of starting a wave of emancipation across the South. - It’s a Federal Arsenal, highly protected, stupid plan. |
| John Brown's Raid Results | - They were arrested and brought to federal trial. - Prosecution said he wasn’t going to give the weapons to the South but bring the raid to the North capital to kill all the Democrats and overthrow government. - Convicted of treason & was hanged. |
| Treason | Go against the country or harm/overthrow it |
| Martyr | Died for a good cause - John Brown became a Martyr after |
| All 3 Events Were | - All National Sectional Crises - ST Victories for D but won through corruption - D split up into N and S D. - After the corruption became public knowledge, led to long-term victories for the new Republican Party by 1860 (When Lincoln was elected). |
| The Modern Republican Party Platform | - Latest "Party of the Rich" in national history - Protestant Party (Anti-Catholic/Nativist) - Supported Free Soil, Wilmot Proviso, and High Tariffs - They were not for Abolition, nor for black equality. - Free Labor and Speech |
| Free Labor | Idea that people should have the ability to work for wages rather than be enslaved |
| Free Speech | - Centered on the Republican promise to end the Democratic “Gag Rule,” started by POTUS Andrew Jackson |
| Gag Rule | Forbade anyone from using any federal office to debate the issue slavery |
| 1856 POTUS Election Slogan | “Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Speech, Fremont.” |
| Republican Party POTUS Candidates | - 1st | John C. Fremont in 1856 (Lost to Democrat James Buchanan). - 2nd | Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (Won) |
| The Beginning of the Civil War: Elections | While Democrat Buchanan was still POTUS, the 1860 election results came & showed Lincoln won Polarity, but wouldn’t assume office until the following year. |
| The Beginning of the Civil War: South Carolina | - South Carolina announced it had seceded from the US. - SC Confederate rebels attacked the Federal Fort Sumter in the harbor across from the state capitol at Charleston. |
| The Beginning of the Civil War: Seceding | - All slave states would secede from the U.S. and join the new Confederacy since they didn't want to deal with the issue of slavery anymore. - Except for the 4 Border Slave States |
| 4 Border Slave States | - Missouri - Kentucky - Maryland - Delaware |
| The Emancipation Proclamation | - Widely known document - Not a Abolitionist document despite what people think - Written by Lincoln |
| Abraham Lincoln | - A Emancipationist - Wants to preserve the Union and end the war quickly - Inherited the Civil War |
| Battle of Antietam 1862 | - 1st Northern victory (North lost all battles of the 1st half of the war.) - Gave Lincoln the confidence to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and convince the South to come back. |
| Free Soil | Slavery is fine in the South as long as it didn’t expand to the West. |
| The Emancipation Proclamation: A or B | - On Sept. 22 1862, before New Years Day, 1863 (100 Day Deadline) - Lincoln gave the Southern States an option to choose A or B |
| Option A (Lincoln Wanted) | - Dissolve the Confederacy/Secession - Stop fighting - No penalty (Absolute readmission) - Keep your slaves forever |
| Option B (What Happened) | - Begin a Total War Policy - Order the Union Army to target slave plantations (Never did before since he knew South will stronger believe he was a Abolitionist but he wasn’t) - Emancipate all slaves in battle - Slaves will be considered as contraband |
| Total War Policy | Doesn’t care about public or citizens property. |
| Contraband | Property seized in war |
| The Political Aftermath of the U.S. Civil War | Once the war was over and the Confederacy had lost, Congress passed 3 Constitutional amendments: - 13th Amendment - 14th Amendment - 15th Amendment |
| 13th Amendment | Abolished slavery for the whole Nation |
| 14th Amendment | Made all former slaves national citizens with all implied rights, including voting. |
| 15th Amendment | Outlawed racial discrimination in voting |
| Texas: The End of "The Cotton Belt" 1845 | - The Western End of the "Cotton Belt" between Fort worth and Dallas - The West (To the West Coast) - The Slave South (To the East Coast) |
| The West (To the West Coast) | - Future Western Federal Territories - Too dry for Cotton - Slavery or Free Soil? |
| The Slave South (To the East Coast) | - Economic & Political Slavery - Pro-Slavery - Southern Democrats |
| The Results of The Mexican American War 1848 | - The Mexican Cession: Contained The Republic of CA until Texas (1848 - 1850) - The Gadsden Purchase 1853 |
| The Compromise of 1850 Map | - Popular Sovereignty will be used in Utah and New Mexico Territory - The 1849 Gold Rush in CA - CA Statehood 1850 (Free Soil) - Slave Trade banned in DC - New Fugitive Slave Law 1850 |
| The Kansas-Nebraska Act Map | - Popular Sovereignty will be used in Nebraska and Kansas Territory - Transcontinental Railroad from Gold Rush to Chicago, IL. |
| The Dred Scott Case 1857 Map | - Washington Territory - Oregon Territory - Utah Territory - New Mexico Territory - Nebraska Territory - Minnesota Territory - Kansas Territory |
Created by:
Whateverisfree
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