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Skeletal and Muscle

QuestionAnswer
how many bones in rib cage 24 ribs (12 pairs)
True ribs 1-7, Connect from back of spine to sternum
False ribs 8-12, Connects from back of spine to the lowest true ribs
Floating ribs 11-12, Only connected to back of spine
How many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae? 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar.
Sacrum and Coccyx 5 fused sacrum and 4 fused coccyx.
Function of Atlas "Yes" movement, flexion/extension
Function of Axis "No" movement
How do the axis and Atlas work together They form a pivot join and the axis helps the atlas rotate around the axis
Function of Cartilage Supports soft tissues, creates smooth movement of joints, involved in growth of long bones.
What causes cartilage loss Forceful impacts to the joint as a result of sports injuries or a fall.
Function of Tendon Connect muscle to bone, function for stability of bone interaction.
Function of Ligament Connect bone to bone, function to make muscles work efficiently with joints.
What are tendons and ligaments composed of Type I collagen fibers surrounded by a mesh of loose connective tissue.
Medial Collateral Ligament limits stress going from outside (lateral) to inside (medial). Injured in dancers (forcing turnout).
Lateral Collateral Ligament limits stress going from inside (medial) to outside (lateral). Opposite of MCL.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Controls hyperextension. An inside injury (not typically seen in dancers).
Posterior Cruciate Ligament limit excessive flexion. An inside knee joint.
Achilles Tendon Gives off power from the calf muscles to the heel and the foot. Flexes foot (plantar flexion).
Synovial movable. Fluid inbetween bones. Enclosed with articular capsule. EX: knee/hinge, pivot etc
Cartilaginous partially movable. Uses cartilage to bind bones. EX: sternum
Fibrous immovable. held close together. Stuck connective tissue.
Condyloid Found in knuckles, wrist, fingers. Variety of movements, no rotation.
Hinge Found in elbow + knee. Flexion and extension motion. EX: Door
Pivot Found in neck, atlas/axis, radius/ulna. Rotation around central axis.
Gliding Found in wrist, ankle, sternum to clavicle. Sliding or twisting movement.
Saddle Found in thumb. Back/Forth and Side/Side motion.
Ball & Socket Found in shoulder, hip. All planes rotation
Voluntary muscle Works across a joint. When muscles contracts usually moves just one bone. E:; bicep contracts, radius moves, scapula doesn't
Involuntary muscle Muscles that contract without control. EX: heart & digestive system
Agonist muscle Responsible for main motion, prime mover.
Antagonist muscle Opposing muscle group that relaxes as prime muscle moves.
Muscle contraction The tightening, shortening, or lengthening of muscles when you do some activity. EX: any exercise
Slow twitch Contract slowly w/o much force. Do not tire easily. EX: Jogging/ Long distance.
Fast twitch Contract faster than slow twitch but with more force. Tire quickly, strength/power. EX: Sprinting/weightlifting.
Quadricep Group Function Only extensor of knee joint. Important in every movement involving stretching of knee. Keeps knee from buckling. Anterior compartment of thigh.
Hamstring Group Function Knee flexion, hip extension. Power transfer between hip/knee. Forward propulsion. Posterior aspect of hip joint.
Gluteals Group Function Hip extension/flexion. Stability from trunk to legs.
Lower Leg- Calf, Ankle Stabilizers & Shin Function Muscles that work together to prove stabilization in various ankle movements.
Quadricep Group Muscles Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis, Rectus Femoris
Hamstring Group Muscles Biceps Femoris, Semitendinous, Semimembrenous
Gluteals Group Muscles Gluteus Maximas, Gluteus Minimus, Gluteus Medius
Lower Leg- Calf, Ankle Stabilizers & Shin Muscles Peronious brevis, Peronious Longus, Tibialis Anterior, Tibialis Posterior
Secondary Stabilizer Muscles Gastrocenimus and Soleus
Created by: evamarygarcia
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