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Pain,Nociception

Pain, nociception and analgesia (Weeks 8,9,10)

QuestionAnswer
Definition of pain Subjective, conscious appreciation of a stimulus that is causing, or threatening to cause , tissue damage
Definition of nociception physical process of detection + transmission of damaging or potentially damaging (noxious stimuli)
Nociceptors structures which detect noxious stimuli
Algesia the induction of a condition leading to nociception and pain
Analgesia Reduction / prevention of nociception / pain without losing consciousness
What is nociception caused by? Specialised neurones and receptors that function to detect noxious stimuli
2 types of nociceptors Polymodal and mechanical
What are nociceptors? Free nerve endings of sensory neurones.
Difference between polymdoal and mechanical nociceptors. Polymodal = respond to thermal temps above 45*C / less than 10*C AND CHEMICAL. Mechanical = respond to thermal stimuli - temps above 60*C BOTH respond to high intensity mechanical.
Out of polymodal and mechanical nociceptors which ones are myelinated? Mechanical nociceptors are myelinated. Polymodal are not.
Pathway of nociception. Stimuli → Channel opening due to stimulus → change in membrane voltage → depolarisation + AP generation (if stimulus big enough) → neurotransmitter release → 2nd order neurone responds. How pain pathway info is relayed to CNS.
Sensitisation at the level of peripheries. Various immune + inflammatory mediators make nociceptors less sensative to stimuli, which decreases threshold for channel opening.
where is the first synapse in the nervous system located? Lamina 1 and 2 of spinal cord. Post synaptic neurone goes straight to thalamus. Informs somato-sensory cortex the part of body that has been hurt + activates other areas of cortex.
What areas of cortex does the second order neurone activate upon noxious stimuli activation? Somatosensory cortex → tells us which part of body is in pain Insular cortex → Effects our mood, if in pain we fell miserable. Anterior cingulate cortex → process negative emotions physical pain.
What type of synpase is the 1st synapse at the level of the spinal cord (lamina 1, 2)? Glutamatergic synapse - main neuro transmitter released is glutamate, both at delta A and C fibres.
What receptors are always expressed on the glutamatergic POST-synaptic side of neurone? AMPA and NMDA receptors.
What is substance P? Neurotransmitter co-released by nociceptive neurones alongside glutamate and CGRP (calcetonin gene-related peptide).
Created by: ag1999
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