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medical terms 12
Term | Definition |
---|---|
glomerul/o | root for glomerulus (glomeruli) |
nephr/o, ren/o | roots for kidney |
pyel/o | root for renal pelvis |
ur/o, urin/o | roots for urine |
lith/o | root for stone |
cyst/o, vesic/o | roots for bladder |
urethr/o | root for urethra |
ureter/o | root for ureter |
meat/o | root for opening |
balan/o | root for penis |
epididym/o | root for epididymis |
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o | roots for testicle |
prostat/o | root for prostate |
sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i | roots for sperm |
anuria | lack of urination |
cystalgia | pain in the bladder |
cystodynia | pain in the bladder |
cystoplegia | bladder paralysis |
dysuria | painful urination |
enuresis | involuntary urination |
hematuria | bloody urination |
incontinence | inability to control urination |
nephralgia | pain in the kidney |
nocturia | nighttime urination |
nocturnal enuresis | nighttime involuntary urination |
oliguria | low urine output |
polydipsia | excessive thirst |
polyuria | excessive urination |
pyuria | pus in the urine |
ureteralgia | pain in the ureter |
urethrodynia | pain in the urethra |
urethtorrhea | discharge from the urethra |
urocyanosis | blue urine |
urodynia | painful urination |
balanorrhea | discharge from the penis |
orchialgia | testicle pain |
orchidoptosis | downward displacement of a testicle |
orchiodynia | testicle pain |
priapism | persistent and painful erection |
albuminuria | protein in the urine |
azotemia | excess nitrogen in the blood |
azotorrhea | excessive discharge of nitrogen |
azoturia | excess nitrogen in the urine |
cystorrhexis | rupture of the bladder |
dipsogenic | creating thirst |
glucosuria | sugar in the urine |
glycosuria | sugar in the urine |
hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
hyponatremia | low sodium in the blood |
ketolysis | breakdown of ketones |
ketonuria | presence of ketones in the urine |
meatal stenosis | narrowing of the opening of the urethra |
nephroptosis | downward displacement of a kidney |
nephrosis | kidney condition |
uremia | urine in the blood |
ureterocele | hernia or a ureter |
ureterolithiasis | presence of stone in a ureter |
ureterostenosis | narrowing of a ureter |
urethrospasm | involuntary contraction of the urethra |
urethrostenosis | narrowing of the nurethra |
cystoscopy | process for examining the bladder |
meatoscope | instrument for examining the opening of the urethra |
meatoscopy | process for examining the opening of the urethra |
nephroscopy | procedure for examining a kidney |
resectoscope | instrument for examining and cutting (usually the prostate) |
ureteroscopy | process of examining a ureter |
urethroscope | instrument for examining the urethra |
urethroscopy | process of examining the urethra |
urethroscope | instrument for examining the urethra |
urethroscopy | process of examining the urethra |
urinalysis | analysis or the urine to determine presence of abnormal elements |
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the product of th breakdown of amino acids for energy |
diuresis | excessive urination |
nephrologist | specialist in the kidneys |
nephrology | study of the kidneys |
urologist | specialist in the urinary tract |
urology | study of the urinary tract |
uropoiesis | formation of urine |
uroxanthin | substance in urine that makes it yellow |
voiding | urination |
anorchidism | lack of a testicle |
aspermia | condition characterized by lack of sperm |
azoospermia | condition characterized by lack of living sperm |
cryptorchidism | hidden testicle |
hydrocele | fluid-filled mass in a testicle |
hypospadias | birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, instead of the end, of the penis |
oligospermia | condition characterized by low sperm production |
phimosis | contraction of the foreskin of the penis, preventing it from being retracted |
prostatolith | stone in the prostate |
prostatomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the prostate |
prostatorrhea | discharge from the prostate |
seminoma | type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue |
spermatocele | hernia or distention of the epididymis caused by sperm cells |
spermatolysis | destruction of sperm cells |
digital rectal exam (DRE) | examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum |
ejaculation | emission of semen from the urethra |
gonads | pair of organs used for sexual reproduction |
spermatogenesis | creation of sperm |
vas deferens | vessel carrying sperm from the testicles |
cystogram | image of the bladder |
cystography | process for recording/imagine the bladder |
nephrogram | image of a kidney |
nephrography | procedure for imaging a kidney |
nephrosonography | procedure for imaging a kidney using sound waves |
pyelogram | image of the renal pelvis |
renal angiogram | image of a kidney blood vessel |
renal angiography | process of imaging a kidney blood vessel |
renal arteriogram | image of a kidney artery |
retrograde pyelogram | image of the renal pelvis produced by injecting a contrast dye from the bladder to the kidney |
ultrasonography | imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves |
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) | imagine procedure of the bladder and urethra produced during urination |
transrectal ultrasonography | procedure using a probe inserted into the rectum using high- frequency |
urethrogram | image of the urethra |
cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
cystocele | hernia of the bladder |
cystolith | stone in the bladder |
cystoptosis | downward displacement of the bladder |
cystospasm | involuntary contraction of the bladder |
cystoureteritis | inflammation of the bladder and ureter |
cystourethrocele | hernia of the bladder and urethra |
glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli |
glomerulopathy | disease of the kidney involving primarily the glomeruli |
glomerulosclerosis | hardening of teh glomeruli |
hydronephrosis | kidney condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow |
lithonephritis | inflammation of the kidneys caused by stones |
nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
nephrocele | hernia of a kidney |
nephrohypertrophy | overdevelopment of the kidney |
nephrolithiasis | presence of stones in the kidney |
nephromalacia | abnormal softening of a kidney |
nephromegaly | abnormal enlargement of a kidney |
nephropathy | any kidney disease |
nephroptosis | downward displacement of a kidney |
nephrosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a kidney |
polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | disease characterized by the formation of many fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys |
pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
pyelocystitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis and bladder |
pyelocystostomosis | creation of an opening between the renal pelvis and bladder |
pyelonephritis | inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis |
pyelopathy | disease of the renal pelvis |
pyeloureterectasia | dilation of the renal pelvis and ureter |
pyonephritis | inflammation of the kidney caused by pus |
pyonephrolithiasis | presence of pus and stones in the kidney |
pyopyelectasis | pus in a dilated renal pelvis |
renal failure | kidney failure |
renal ischemia | deficiency of blood in a kidney |
stress urinary incontinence (SUI) | loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure |
ureteritis | inflammation of a ureter |
ureteropyelitis | inflammation of a ureter and renal pelvis |
ureteropyelonephritis | inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter |
urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
urethrocystitis | inflammation of the urethra and bladder |
urinary tract infection (UTI) | infection of the urinary tract |
uropathy | disease of the urinary tract |
vesicocele | hernia of the bladder |
vesicourethral reflux (VUR) | abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureters |
balanitis | inflammation of the penis |
benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) | noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate, aka enlarged prostate |
benign prostate hypertrophy | another term for benign prostate hyperplasia |
epididymitis | inflammation of the epididymis |
epididymo-orchitis | inflammation of the testicles and epidydymis |
orchiditis | inflammation of the testicles |
orchiepididymitis | inflammation of the testicles and epididymis |
orchiopathy | disease of the testicles |
orchitis | inflammation of the testicles |
prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate |
prostatocystitis | inflammation of the prostate and bladder |
prostatovesiculitis | inflammation of the prostate and seminal vesicles |
testitis | inflammation of a testicle |
varicocele | overexpansion of the blood vessels of teh testicles, leading to a soft tumor |
cystoma | tumor of the bladder |
hypernephroma | another name for renal cell carcinoma |
nephroma | kidney tumor |
renal cell carcinoma | cancer of the kidneys |
seminoma | type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue |
testicular carcinoma | testicular cancer |
chlamydia | sexually transmitted disease characterized by genital discharge and painful urination, caused by bacterium |
gonorrhea | sexually transmitted disease characterized by discharge from the gonads, caused by bacterium |
herpes simplex virus (HSV) | a family of highly contagious viruses that affect mucous membranes and produce watery blisters that eventually scab over |
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | a disease that compromises a patient's immune system leaving them open to other opportunistic infections. the late stage of this is referred to as AIDS |
human papilloma virus (HPV) | a virus that can cause warts and precancerous lesions in genital areas |
syphilis | a sexually transmitted disease characterized at first by skin irritations then later developing into neurological and heart symptoms, caused by bacteria treponema pallidum |
trichomoniasis | sexually transmitted disease characterized by genital itching, painful urination, and genital discharge, caused by parasite trichomonas vaginalis |
antispasmodic | drug used to prevent spasms |
diuretic | agent that causes urination |
spermicide | agent that kills sperm |
spermolytic | agent that kills sperm |
nephrotoxin | agent poisonous to the kidney |
cystectomy | surgical removal of the bladder |
cystolithectomy | surgical removal of a stone in the bladder |
cystostomy | creation of an opening in the bladder |
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy )ESWL) | breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body |
fulguration | use of electric current to destroy tissue |
heminephrectomy | surgical removal of half a kidney |
heminephroureterectomy | surgical removal of half a kidney and a ureter |
hemodialysis | procedure for removing waste from the bloodstream |
intracorporeal lithotripsy | breakdown of kidney stones using a device placed inside the body |
kidney dialysis | procedure for removing waste from the blood (hemodialysis) |
laparonephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen |
lithectomy | surgical removal of a stone |
lithocystotomy | incision into the bladder to remove a stone |
lithonephrotomy | incision into a kidney to remove a stone |
lithotripsy | breakdown of a stone |
meatoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the opening of the urethra |
meatorrhaphy | suture of the opening of the urethra |
meatotomy | incision into the opening of the urethra |
nephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen |
nephrocystanastomosis | opening of a passageway between a kidney and a bladder |
nephrolithotomy | incision into a kidney to remove a stone |
nephropexy | surgical fixation of a kidney |
nephrorrhaphy | suture of a kidney |
nephrostomy | creation of an opening in a kidney |
nephrotomy | incision into a kidney |
nephroureterectomy | surgical removal of a kidney and ureter |
pyelolithotomy | incision into a renal pelvis to remove a stone |
pyeloplasty | surgical reconstruction of a renal pelvis |
pyelostomy | creation of an opening in a renal pelvis |
pyelotomy | incision into a renal pelvis |
renal angioplasty | surgical reconstruction of a kidney blood vessel |
ureterileostomy | creation of an opening between a ureter and the ileum |
ureteronephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney and ureter |
ureteroplasty | surgical reconstruction of a ureter |
ureterorrhaphy | suture of a ureter |
urethrectomy | surgical removal of the urethra |
urethropexy | surgical fixation of the urethra |
urethroplasty | surgical reconstruction of the urethra |
urethrotomy | incision into the urethra |
urinary catheterization | insertion of a catheter into a bladder to drain urine |
urostomy | creation of an opening in the urinary tract, normally to divert urine flow away from a diseased bladder |
vesicostomy | creation of an opening in the bladder |
vesicotomy | incision into the bladder |
balanoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the penis |
circumcision | surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis |
epididymectomy | surgical removal of the epididymis |
epididymotomy | incision into the epididymis |
hydrocelectomy | surgical removal of a hydrocele |
orchidectomy | surgical removal of a testicle |
orchidopexy | surgical fixation of a testicle |
orchidotomy | incision into a testicle |
orchiectomy | surgical removal of a testicle |
orchiopexy | surgical fixation of a testicle |
orchioplasty | surgical reconstruction of a testicle |
prostatectomy | surgical removal of the prostate |
prostatolithotomy | incision into the prostate to remove a stone |
prostatovesiculectomy | surgical removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles |
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) | procedure of removing all or part of the prostate by the insertion of a resectoscope into the urethra |
vasectomy | surgical removal of the vas deferens |
vasovasectomy | creation of an opening between two vessels; this is the technical term for a vasectomy reversal |
vesiculectomy | surgical removal of the seminal vesicles |
BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
Bx | biopsy |
cath | catheter |
ESWL | extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy |
HD | hemodialysis |
I&O | intake and output |
IVP | intravenous pyelogram |
IVU | intravenous urogram |
KUB | kidneys, ureters, bladder |
OAB | overactive bladder |
PKD | polycystic kidney disease |
RP | retrograde pyelogram |
SUI | stress urinary incontinence |
UA | urinalysis |
UTI | urinary tract infection |
VCUG | voiding cystourethrogram |
VUR | vesicoureteral reflux |