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Chapter 21
The Troubles In Northern Ireland
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What happend to Ireland under the Government of Ireland Act 1920 | Ireland was partitioned into two states under the Government of Ireland Act 1920. |
| What Six Counties Became Northern Ireland | The six counties of Armagh, Antrim, Down, Derry, Tyrone and Fermanagh became Northern Ireland. |
| How was The Population of the six Counties Split (religion) | two-thirds were Protestants, most of whom were Unionists. the other third were Catholics, who were mostly nationalists. |
| What were protestants known as | Unionists |
| what were Catholics known as | Nationalists |
| What type of state was The new Northern Ireland state | The new Northern Irish state was a sectarian one that actively discriminated against Catholics: |
| How did the new Northern Ireland State/Sectarian State discriminate against Catholics | Gerrymandering: Electoral constituencies were drawn to ensure that Unionists always won elections, even in majority-nationalist areas. Notoriously, Derry City Council always had a Unionist majority, although 70% of the city’s population was Catholic. |
| Northern Ireland was fully involved in World War II as they were part of the UK, what happend during the Belfast Blitz | Belfast was heavily bombed during the ‘Belfast Blitz’, |
| How was Northern Ireland's Economy influenced by the War | overall the North’s economy benefited from the war, with demand high for food and machinery produced in the province. |
| who was the Minister of Education in 1966 | In 1966 the Minister for Education, Donogh O’Malley, |
| Why Did He Want To Expand The Educated Workforce | Education, Donogh O’Malley, wanted to expand the educated workforce so that Ireland would be more attractive to foreign businesses. |
| What Major Reforms Did He Introduce To The Education System | free schooling up to the Intermediate Certificate (the old name for the Junior Cycle). free transport for students to schools. grants to build more schools. Regional Technical Colleges (the old name for Institutes of Technology) were opened. |
| What was The Impact Of These Reforms | The impact of these reforms was huge: the numbers sitting the Leaving Certificate rose from 8,600 in 1961 to 24,000 in 1972. The practice of Irish children leaving education after primary school was ended by the early 1970s. |
| What was the Battle of the Bogside | The rioters drove the RUC out of the Bogside, throwing stones and home-made firebombs. They raised barricades across the streets, declared the area ‘Free Derry’. This became known as the Battle of the Bogside. |
| What was Bloody Sunday | When Catholic youths on the march threw stones at an army barricade, soldiers opened fire on the crowd, killing 14 and injuring 13 more. |
| What is a Power-Sharing Government | where nationalists and Unionists would govern together. |
| Who was at the signing of the Sunningdale Agreement | the leaders of the Unionist Party (Brian Faulkner), the SDLP (Gerry Fitt), the British government (Edward Heath) and the Irish government (Liam Cosgrave) signed the Sunningdale Agreement. |
| What were two terms of the Sunningdale Agreement | A power-sharing executive would be established between the Unionist Party, the SDLP and a small Unionist party, the Alliance. A Council of Ireland was to be set up, consisting of politicians from the North and the Republic |
| Why Did The Agreement face opposition from both sides | The IRA continued its campaign of violence, claiming that the Sunningdale Agreement did not bring about a united Ireland, while Unionist voters could see little good in a deal that would not end the violence. |
| What did the Ulsters Workers' Council decide to do | In May 1974, the Unionist Ulster Workers’ Council organised a general strike. Goods could not be transported, factories were shut down and the electricity supply was shut off. |
| What was the result of this strike | The executive resigned and the Sunningdale Agreement collapsed. Direct rule from Westminster was re-imposed. |
| What were 'Spectaculars' | A tactic adopted by the IRA staging large scale attacks on the British to make Britain want to leave want to exit Northern Ireland E.g. Birmingham Bombings, Killed 21, Injured 182 The Dublin and Monaghan Bombings of May 1974 killed 33 civilians |
| What was the Good Friday Agreement | an attempt at a comprehensive deal to secure a sustainable peace for Northern Ireland |
| when was the Agreement signed | Just Before Easter 1998 |
| What were the main terms of the Agreement | Power-Sharing between all main political Parties Cross-Border bodies to link the North and the South Decommissioning (surrendering) of weapons by terrorist groups |
| Was there ever a return to violence | in a referendum the agreement was accepted 71% in Northern Ireland and 94% in The Republic, Putting the agreement into pactice was difficult but there was never a return to violence |
Created by:
JMahango
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