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A & P Chapter 10

QuestionAnswer
What are the three types of muscle tissue? Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
2. What is included in the “muscular system?” Only skeletal muscles
3. Why are skeletal muscles called so? Attached to the skeletal system and allow us to move
4. What are six functions of skeletal muscle tissue? Produce skeletal mvmt/ Maintain posture and body position/ Support soft tissues/ Guard entrances and exits/ Maintain body temp/ Store nutrient reserves
5. Know the three layers of skeletal muscle connective tissue, including what they surround. Endomysium- Surrounds individual muscle cells
Know the three layers of skeletal muscle connective tissue, including what they surround. Perimysium- Surrounds fascicles
Know the three layers of skeletal muscle connective tissue, including what they surround. Epimysium- Surrounds entire muscles
6. The three layers of connective tissue come together at the ends of muscles to form what? A Tendon- Bundle of connective tissue
7. Why do muscles need so much blood? (hint: oxygen and nutrients) Supply large amounts of oxygen/ supply nutrients/ carry away wastes
8. How are skeletal muscles controlled? Controlled by nerves of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
9. Why do skeletal muscle cells have many nuclei? because of the fusion of mesodermal cells called myoblasts
10. What type of cells fuse to form skeletal muscle cells? Myoblasts
11. What is the name of the cell membrane of a muscle fiber? Sarcolemma
12. What is the name of the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber? Sarcoplasm
13. What are the lengthwise subdivisions within muscle fibers? Myofibrils
14. What are the two types of protein filaments within myofibrils and what are they made of? Thin filaments- actin & troponin// Thick filaments- Myosin
15. What structure surrounds each myofibril that helps transmit action potentials? Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
16. Know all of the bands and structures of the sarcomere, including what they are made of. A Band- Has M line (Center of the A band, midline of sarcomere)/ H Band- Area around M line, has only thick filaments/ Zone of overlap- Densest, darkest area where both filaments overlap
Know all of the bands and structures of the sarcomere, including what they are made of. I Band has Z lines ( centeres of the I bands at two ends of sarcomere)/ Titin- Strands of protien that stabilize the filaments and reach from tips of thick filaments to the Z line
17. How does myosin interact with actin to cause contraction? (hint: myosin pulls on actin) Myosin heads interact with actin filaments, forming cross-bridges, pivot to produce motion. The width of the A zone stays the same. Z lines move closer together
18. What is the neuromuscular junction? Special intercellular connection btwn nervous system and skeletal muscle fiber. Your nervous system talked to your muscles and tells them to contract by controlling the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm
19. What must be released into the sarcoplasm in order for myosin and actin to interact? Calcium
20. What are some forces that can contribute to muscle relaxation? (slide 38) Elastic Forces/ Opposing Muscle Contractions/ Gravity
21. Where do muscles get the energy to contract? ATP
22. What is EPOC? Why does it occur? Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption/ Heavy breathing occurs when the body needs more oxygen than usual to make more ATP to catch up after exercise.
23. What is hypertrophy? Muscle growth from heavy training/ Increases the diameter of fibers, number of myofibrils & mitochondria, and glycogen reserves.
24. What are some differences between cardiac muscle cells and SKELETAL muscle cells? Skeletal muscles are VOLUNTARY muscles controlled by the nerves of the CNS/ Become long & large/ 100s of nuclei
25. What characteristics of SMOOTH muscle make it different from the other types of muscle tissue? Smooth muscle has nonstriated tissue. INVOLUNTARY muscle. Forms in or around other tissues. In many systems: Integumentary, digestive, urinary, reproductive, glandular systems, blood vessels and airways
What is Atrophy? Lack of muscle activity/ Reduces muscle size, tone, and power
What are some differences between CARDIAC muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells? Cardiac muscles are small, has one nucleus, has intercalated disk. Striated and found only in the heart
Created by: Clinton Perdue
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