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pharma
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| It is the study of drugs, their origin, nature, properties and their effects upon living organism | Pharmacology |
| It is the use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms and disease process. | Pharmacotherapy |
| What the drug does to the body. | Pharmacodynamics |
| What the body does to the drug. | Pharmacokinetics |
| Involves drug actions on target cells and the resulting alterations in cellular biochemical reactions and functions | Pharmacodynamics |
| Involves drug movement through the body to reach sites of action, metabolism and excretion. | Pharmacokinetics |
| What are the process of drug transfort | ADME |
| Occurs from the time a drug enters the body to the time it enters the bloodstream to be circulated. Factors Influencing Drug Absorption Dosage form Route of administration Blood flow GI function Presence of food or other drugs | Absorption |
| Transport of drug molecules within the body. | Distribution |
| Also known as Biotransformation | Metabolism |
| Method by which drugs are inactivated by the body. | Metabolism |
| Refers to the elimination of a drug from the body. Kidneys, bowel, lungs and skin. Enterohepatic recirculation | Excretion |
| Physiologic effects not related to desired drug effects. Expected and normal | Side effects |
| Any undesired responses to drug administration More severe than side effects Abnormal and reportable | Adverse reactions |
| Life-threatening effects, emergency Result from excessive amounts of drug and may cause reversible/irreversible damage to body tissues | Toxic effects |
| THE TEN RIGHTS OF MEDICATION | Right route Right to refuse Right time & frequency Right drug-drug interaction Right of the patient Right education and information Right drug Right history and assessment Right dose Right documentation |
| Acetaminophen Erythromycin Iron overdose Isoniazid Rifampicin Sulfonamides | Hepatotoxic drugs |
| Acetaminophen Acyclovir Aminoglycosides Amphotericin B Ciprofloxacin Rifampicin Sulfonamides Tetracycline Contrast medium | Nephrotoxic drugs |
| Aminoglycosides Aspirin Chloroquine Loop diuretics | Ototoxic drugs |
| Macrodantin Iron Lugol’s solution Tetracycline | Drug that can be cause staining |
| Fluoroquinolones Aminoglycosides Tetracycline Ace inhibitor Lithium Oral hypoglycemic Agents | Teratogenic |
| Metronidazole Cephalosporins Oral hypoglycemic Agents | Disulfiram reaction |
| Also termed as adrenergic thoracolumbar system | SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| Fight or flight system | SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| Responsible for preparing the body to respond to stress | SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| Epinephrine and norepinephrine are the major neurotransmitters | SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| Adrenergic receptor organ cells | Alpha 1 • Found in the blood vessels, iris and urinary bladder Alpha 2 • Found on nerve membranes and act as modulator of NE release Beta1 • Cardiac tissue Beta2 • Bronchi, smooth muscles in the blood vessels, uterine muscles |
| • Found in the blood vessels, iris and urinary bladder | Alpha 1 |
| • Found on nerve membranes and act as modulator of NE release | Alpha 2 |
| • Cardiac tissue | Beta 1 |
| • Bronchi, smooth muscles in the blood vessels, uterine muscles | Beta 2 |
| Drug that mimic the effect of the norepinephrine | Sympathomimetics Adrenergic agonists |
| Drug that block the effect of norepinephrine | Sympatholytics Adrenergic Antagonist |
| Also termed as cholinergic/ craniosacral system | PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| Acetylcholine is the major neurotransmitter | Parasympathetic nervous system |
| Drugs that mimic acetylcholine | Parasympathomimetics Cholinergic agonists |
| Drugs that block acetylcholine | Parasympatholytics Cholinergic anatagonists |
| Adrenergic Drugs | Epinephrine Norepinephrine Albuterol Isoproterenol Ephedrine Clonidine Dopamine Dobutamine |
| • Used in emergencies • Treats Allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm & cardiac arrest • Potent inotropic drug | Epinephrine |
| • Potent vasoconstrictor that increases BP and cardiac output | Norepinephrine |
| • Selective for beta-2 adrenergic receptors • Response: bronchodilation • Used to treat bronchospasm, asthma: bronchitis • Should not be given with MAOI (can cause hypertensive crisis) | Albuterol |
| • Acts on B1 & B2 receptors • Response: bronchodilation | Isoproterenol |
| • Used to treat hypotensive state, bronchospasm • Relief of hay fever, sinusitis and allergic rhinitis | Ephedrine |
| • Selective Alpha 2 adrenergic drug • Used to treat hypertension | Clonidine |
| • Drug of choice for shock | Dopamine |
| • Used in treatment of CHF as it increased contractility without changes in rate or increase in O2 demand | Dobutamine |
Created by:
brenssss
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