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Chemistry
Acids, Bases and Salts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Methyl orange | turns red in acids of 4.3 and lower, and yellow in solutions higher than that. |
| Red litmus paper | turns blue in pH 8.3 and higher. |
| Blue litmus paper | turns red in pH 4.5 and lower. |
| Phenolphthalein | Turns pink in pH 9 and higher, and is clear otherwise. |
| Acid + Metal oxide (base) | Salt + Water |
| Metal + Acid | Salt + Hydrogen |
| Acid + Alkali (Metal hydroxide) | Salt + Water |
| Metal carbonate + Acid | salt + water + carbon dioxide |
| A salt is formed when | a metal ion replaces the H+ in an acid. E.g. KOH + HCl -> KCl + H20 |
| Alkalis are | bases which can dissolve in water, forming OH-(aq) when added to water. |
| O2 test | glowing splint relights |
| H2 test | squeaky pop |
| Soluble in water: | All common Na,K,Ammonium All nitrates Most chlorides, except silver and lead Most sulfates, except Pb,Ba,Ca |
| Insoluble in water: | Most carbonates, except Na,K,Ammonium Most hydroxides, except Na,K,Ammonium |
| Explain neutralisation | The pH of a solution is determined by the proportion of H to OH. When H and OH mix, they make H2O, which is neutral |
| Each number difference on the pH scale is a ___ change in that ion concentration. | x10 |
| The stronger the acid/alkali, | the more it splits into its ions when in a solution. Strong acids fully split, causing a high concentration of H+. Weak acids only partly split, causing a lower concentration. The more dilute, the more water. |
| Precipitation | The method of mixing soluble salt solutions together to form a soluble salt solution and an insoluble salt. This insoluble salt is then residue when the mixture is filtered, and is washed multiple times before being dried fully on a dish in an oven |
| Neutralisation | The method in which acids and alkalis are mixed to produce a neutral solution. |
| Filtration | The method in which a mixture is poured through filter paper in order to separate insoluble parts of the mixture. |
| Crystallisation | The forming of crystals via a solution’s evaporation. |
| Making soluble salts | Add excess solid salt to solution of the other salt. Stir and put in water bath to check that after few minutes in bath, there is still excess, showing it's neutral. Filter. Heat solution with bunsen until half evapora. Pour in dish and dry fully in oven. |
Created by:
AFRICANUNGABUNGA
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