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Astronomy

Vocab for Astronomy

TermDefinition
Heliocentric Sun is in center of solar system. All planets/comets/asteroids/satellites orbit around it.
Foci 2 points on inside of ellipse. 1 is always the sun.
Eccentricity All planets have eccentric orbits. # closer to 0=perfect circle, # closer to 1=straight line
Eccentricity of our solar system Most planets have an eccentricity closer to 0 (circular orbits)
Major Axis the longer axis of an ellipse, passing through its foci
Perihelion Point where body is closest to sun in orbit. Always along major axis. Moving FASTEST in revolution
Aphelion Point where body is farthest to sun in orbit. Always along major axis. Moving SLOWEST in revolution
Luminosity of Star How bright a star is (See page 15 in ESRT)
Temperature of Star How hot a star is (See page 15 in ESRT)
Color of Star Which color the star gives off (See page 15 in ESRT)
Mass of Star How large the star is (See page 15 in ESRT)
Life Cycle of Average Sized Star (like our sun) Nebula- Average Star-Red Giant-Planetary Nebula-White Dwarf-Black Dwarf
Life Cycle of LARGE Stars (big masses) Nebula-Massive Star-Red SuperGiant-Super Nova- either black hole OR Neutron Star
Age of our Solar System 4.6 billion years
Age of our Universe 13.8 billion years
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Faint Radiation Glow from Big Bang. Evidence that supports big bang theory
Doppler Effect Change in wave frequency during motion from object and observer. Evidence of big bang theory
Red Shift Shift toward Red-Light Spectra. Object moving away from earth
Blue-Shift Shift toward Blue-Light Spectra. Object moving toward earth
Milky Way Galaxy Spiral Shaped Galaxy. We are located on an arm.
Influence of Gravity Larger the object=more gravitational pull Closer the object=more gravitational pull
Asteroid a solid rock/ metallic bodies that orbit around the sun. Between Mars and Jupiter
Comet objects composed of rock and ice that easily vaporize Comets move around the sun
Meteor path of light from meteoroid burning as it passes through Earth’s atmosphere; also called a shooting star.
Size of Universe (Largest to Smallest) Universe, Galaxy, Solar System, Sun, Planet, Moon
Created by: mrsbattle-hfl
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