Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
P2 BDK
Fall 2023 BDK
| Generic Name | Brand Name | Pharmacologic Category | Common Indications | Key Side Effects | Contraindications | Other Notes | US Boxed Warning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| brimonidine (ophthalmic) | Alphagan P | Alpha2 agonist | Elevated IOP | ocular hypersensitivity, drowsiness, allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctival hyperemia, ocular pruritus | CI with MAOI therapy | ||
| timolol (ophthalmic) | Timoptic, Timoptic XE, Istalol | Non-selective beta-blocker | Elevated IOP | ocular stinging and burning | |||
| bimatoprost (ophthalmic) | Lumigan, Latisse | Prostaglandin analog | Elevated IOP, eyelash hypotrichosis | eyelash growth, conjunctival hyperemia, ocular pruritus, iris color change, periocular hyperpigmentation | |||
| latanoprost (ophthalmic) | Xalatan | Prostaglandin analog | Elevated IOP | eyelash growth, conjunctival hyperemia, ocular pruritus, iris color change, periocular hyperpigmentation | |||
| travoprost (ophthalmic) | Travatan Z | Prostaglandin analog | Elevated IOP | eyelash growth, conjunctival hyperemia, ocular pruritus, iris color change, periocular hyperpigmentation | |||
| cyclosporine (ophthalmic) | Restasis | Calcineurin inhibitor | Keratoconjunctivitis sicca | ocular burning, stinging, pruritus, foreign body sensation, hypersensitivity reaction | |||
| prednisolone (ophthalmic) | Pred Forte, Pred Mild, Omnipred | Corticosteroid | Ophthalmic inflammation | glaucoma, cataract formation, corneal thinning, secondary infection | |||
| permethrin (topical) * | Nix, Elimite | Pediculocide | Lice, scabies | itching, redness, swelling of scalp | |||
| adapalene (topical) * | Differin | Retinoic acid derivative | Acne | xeroderma, skin exfoliation, erythema, stinging, burning | |||
| chlorhexidine (topical, PO) | Hibiclens, Peridex | Antiseptic | Skin cleanser, periodontitis, gingivitis | dysgeusia, increased tartar formation, mouth discoloration, mouth irritation | |||
| clobetasol (topical) | Temovate, Clobex | Corticosteroid | Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis | burning of skin, dryness of skin, hypopigmentation, secondary infection | |||
| triamcinolone (topical) | Kenalog | Corticosteroid | Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis | do not use for > 2 weeks because it may cause adrenal suppression | |||
| pseudoephedrine (PO) * | Sudafed | Alpha (α1) agonist | Nasal congestion | Increased blood pressure, tachycardia, insomnia, restlessness | Sold behind the counter | ||
| fluticasone (intranasal) * | Flonase | Corticosteroid | Allergic rhinitis | nasal dryness, epistaxis, nasal burning, headache | |||
| triamcinolone (intranasal) * | Nasacort | Corticosteroid | Allergic rhinitis | nasal dryness, epistaxis, nasal burning, headache | |||
| azelastine (intranasal) * | Astepro | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis | headache, nasal dryness, epistaxis, bitter taste | |||
| diphenhydramine (PO *, IV) | Benadryl | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis, allergic reaction, insomnia | drowsiness, constipation, xerostomia, urinary retention | |||
| hydroxyzine (PO, IV) | Atarax, Vistaril | Histamine (H1) blocker | Pruritis, nausea, anxiety | dizziness, somnolence, xerostomia, blurred vision, QTc prolongation | |||
| cetirizine (PO) * | Zyrtec | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis | drowsiness, dizziness, headache | |||
| loratadine (PO) * | Claritin | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis | drowsiness, dizziness, headache | |||
| fexofenadine (PO) * | Allegra | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic rhinitis | drowsiness, dizziness, headache | |||
| olopatadine (ophthalmic) * | Pataday, Patanol | Histamine (H1) blocker | Allergic conjunctivitis | ocular burning, discomfort, dryness | |||
| promethazine and codeine (PO) | Phenergan with Codeine | Histamine (H1) blocker and opioid analgesic | Cough, cold | dizziness, somnolence, xerostomia, blurred vision, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) | opioid-containing cough and cold products no longer indicated for use in patients <18 years of age | concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants (including alcohol), may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death | |
| codeine and guaifenesin (PO) | Robitussin AC, Cheratussin AC | Opioid analgesic and expectorant | Cough, cold | dizziness, somnolence, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) | opioid-containing cough and cold products no longer indicated for use in patients <18 years of age | ||
| dextromethorphan (PO) * | Delsym | Antitussive | Cough | nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation | |||
| benzonatate (PO) | Tessalon Perles | Antitussive | Cough | sedation, nasal congestion, chills, chest numbness, bronchospasm | do not break capsule because it may cause choking | ||
| dutasteride (PO) | Avodart | 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor | BPH | sexual dysfunction | women who are of child-bearing age should not touch | ||
| finasteride (PO) | Proscar, Propecia | 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor | BPH, male pattern baldness | sexual dysfunction | women who are of child-bearing age should not touch | ||
| doxazosin (PO) | Cardura | Alpha1 blocker | BPH, HTN | dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, priapism (rare), intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (rare) | |||
| terazosin (PO) | Hytrin | Alpha1 blocker | BPH, HTN | dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, priapism (rare), intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (rare) | |||
| tamsulosin (PO) | Flomax | Alpha1a blocker | BPH | dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, ejaculation failure, intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (rare) | take 30 min after the same meal daily | ||
| solifenacin (PO) | Vesicare | Anticholinergic | Overactive bladder | xerostomia, constipation, | CI in uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma | ||
| tolterodine (PO) | Detrol, Detrol LA | Anticholinergic | Overactive bladder | xerostomia, constipation, | CI in uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma | ||
| oxybutynin (PO) * | Ditropan, Ditropan XL | Anticholinergic, urinary antispasmodic agent | Overactive bladder | xerostomia, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness | CI in uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma | ||
| phenazopyridine (PO) * | Azo Urinary Pain Relief, Pyridium | Urinary analgesic | Symptomatic relief of dysuria | stomach cramps, headache, dizziness | may change bodily fluids red/orange | ||
| calcium gluconate (IV) | --- | Electrolyte supplement | Hypocalcemia | hypercalcemia, arrhythmia | precipitation occurs with phosphate; do not administer IM; vesicant | ||
| magnesium sulfate (IV, IM) | --- | Electrolyte supplement | Hypomagnesemia, pre-eclampsia | cardiac arrest (with rapid undiluted IV infusion) | dilute before infusion | ||
| potassium chloride (IV) | --- | Electrolyte supplement | Hypokalemia | hyperkalemia, cardiac arrest with rapid undiluted infusion | dilute before infusion; do not administer IV push; vesicant; tablets with wax coating may appear in stool | ||
| potassium chloride (PO) | PO: K-Tab, Klor-Con, Micro-K | Electrolyte supplement | Hypokalemia | hyperkalemia, abdominal discomfort/pain, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting | |||
| ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) (PO) | --- | Fat-soluble vitamin | Dietary supplement, hypoparathyroiditis | hypervitaminosis D | CI with hypercalcemia | ||
| albumin, 5% or 25% (IV) | --- | Colloid | Hypovolemia, SBP, paracentesis | edema | |||
| 0.9% sodium chloride (IV) | Normal saline | Crystalloid | Hypovolemia | hypervolemia, non-anion gap metabolic acidosis | |||
| lactated ringers (IV) | LR | Crystalloid | Hypovolemia | hypervolemia | |||
| 5% dextrose in water (IV) | D5W | Crystalloid | Carrier fluid, hypoglycemia, hypernatremia | hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, hypervolemia | |||
| benazepril (PO) | Lotensin | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | HTN, HF, CAD | cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | |
| enalapril (PO) | Vasotec | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | HTN, HF, CAD | cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | |
| lisinopril (PO) | Prinivil, Zestril | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | HTN, HF, CAD | cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | |
| quinapril (PO) | Accupril | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | HTN, HF, CAD | cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | |
| ramipril (PO) | Altace | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | HTN, HF, CAD | cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | |
| irbesartan (PO) | Avapro | Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) | HTN, HF, CAD | hyperkalemia, angioedema | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | |
| losartan (PO) | Cozaar | Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) | HTN, HF, CAD | hyperkalemia, angioedema | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | |
| olmesartan (PO) | Benicar | Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) | HTN, HF, CAD | hyperkalemia, angioedema | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | |
| valsartan (PO) | Diovan | Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) | HTN, HF, CAD | hyperkalemia, angioedema | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | |
| valsartan and sacubitril (PO) | Entresto | ARB and neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) | HF | hyperkalemia, angioedema | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | |
| amlodipine (PO) | Norvasc | Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) | HTN, CAD | peripheral edema | |||
| nifedipine (PO) | Procardia XL, Nifedical XL, Adalat CC | Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) | HTN, CAD | peripheral edema | |||
| nicardipine (PO, IV) | Cardene | Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) | Hypertensive crisis | flushing, headache, peripheral edema, hypotension | |||
| diltiazem (PO, IV) | Cartia XT, Cardizem CD, Cardizem LA, Cardizem | Non-dihydropyridine CCB | AF (rate control), HTN, CAD | bradycardia, constipation | |||
| verapamil (PO) | Calan, Calan SR, Verelan | Non-dihydropyridine CCB | AF (rate control), HTN, CAD | bradycardia, constipation | |||
| hydrochlorothiazide (PO) | Microzide | Thiazide diuretic | HTN | hypokalemia, hyponatremia | |||
| chlorthalidone (PO) | Thalitone | Thiazide-related diuretic | HTN | hypokalemia, hyponatremia | |||
| metolazone (PO) | Zaroxolyn | Thiazide-related diuretic | Volume overload | hypokalemia, hyponatremia | |||
| amlodipine and benazepril (PO) | Lotrel | Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) and Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | HTN, HF, CAD | peripheral edema, cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema | |||
| lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide (PO) | Prinzide | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | ||||
| losartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO) | Hyzaar | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | ||||
| olmesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO) | Benicar-HCT | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | ||||
| triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide (PO) | Dyazide, Maxzide | CI in pregnancy | |||||
| valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO) | Diovan-HCT | CI in pregnancy | fetal toxicity | ||||
| spironolactone (PO) | Aldactone | Potassium-sparing diuretic | HTN, HF, ascites | gynecomastia, hyperkalemia | |||
| bumetanide (PO, IV) | Bumex | Loop diuretic | Volume overload | hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia | fluid and electrolyte loss | ||
| furosemide (PO, IV) | Lasix | Loop diuretic | Volume overload | hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia | fluid and electrolyte loss | ||
| torsemide (PO) | Demadex | Loop diuretic | Volume overload | hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia | fluid and electrolyte loss | ||
| atenolol (PO) | Tenormin | Beta1-selective beta-blocker | AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | bradycardia | masks symptoms of hypoglycemia | avoid abrupt discontinuation | |
| metoprolol tartrate (PO, IV) | Lopressor | Beta1-selective beta-blocker | AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | bradycardia | masks symptoms of hypoglycemia | avoid abrupt discontinuation | |
| metoprolol succinate (PO) | Toprol-XL | Beta1-selective beta-blocker | HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | bradycardia | masks symptoms of hypoglycemia | ||
| nebivolol (PO) | Bystolic | Beta1-selective beta-blocker | HTN | bradycardia | masks symptoms of hypoglycemia | ||
| carvedilol (PO) | Coreg, Coreg CR | Non-selective beta-blocker | HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | bradycardia | masks symptoms of hypoglycemia | ||
| labetalol (PO) | Trandate | Non-selective beta-blocker | PO: HTN, | bradycardia | masks symptoms of hypoglycemia | ||
| labetalol (IV) | Trandate | Non-selective beta-blocker | IV: hypertensive crisis | bradycardia | masks symptoms of hypoglycemia | ||
| propranolol (PO) | Inderal LA, Inderal XL | Non-selective beta-blocker | HTN, CAD, Migraine prophylaxis | bradycardia | masks symptoms of hypoglycemia | avoid abrupt discontinuation | |
| clonidine (PO) | PO: Catapres | Alpha2 agonist | HTN, ADHD | xerostomia, drowsiness | do not discontinue abruptly; taper to reduce rebound HTN | avoid epidural use | |
| clonidine (transdermal) | Catapres-TTS | Alpha2 agonist | HTN, ADHD | xerostomia, drowsiness | do not discontinue abruptly; taper to reduce rebound HTN | avoid epidural use | |
| hydralazine (PO, IV) | Apresoline | Direct arterial vasodilator | HTN | orthostatic hypotension, drug-induced lupus-like syndrome | |||
| epinephrine (IV, IM, SQ) | Adrenalin | Beta1, beta2, and alpha1 agonist | Advanced cardiac life support, shock, anaphylaxis, bradycardia | tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia, lactic acidosis | |||
| norepinephrine (IV) | Levophed | Alpha1 agonist (predominantly), beta1 and beta2 agonist | Shock | tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia | extravasation (central line administration preferred) | ||
| dabigatran (PO) | Pradaxa | Anticoagulant, direct thrombin inhibitor | AF (stroke prevention), VTE | bleeding, dyspepsia | swallow whole; dispense and store in original packaging; discard 4 months after opening | premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events | |
| apixaban (PO) | Eliquis | Anticoagulant, | AF (stroke prevention), VTE | bleeding | premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events | ||
| rivaroxaban (PO) | Xarelto | factor Xa inhibitor | AF (stroke prevention), VTE | bleeding | premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events | ||
| warfarin (PO) | Coumadin, Jantoven | Anticoagulant, vitamin K antagonist | AF (stroke prevention), VTE | bleeding | narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic monitoring recommended with INR); dose dependent tablet colors; uniform vitamin K intake recommended; many drug interactions | bleeding risk | |
| enoxaparin (SQ) | Lovenox | Anticoagulant, low molecular weight heparin | ACS, VTE | bleeding, hyperkalemia, HIT | do not expel air bubble from syringe prior to injection | increased risk of epidural or spinal hematoma in patient undergoing spinal puncture | |
| heparin (IV, SQ) | --- | Anticoagulant | ACS, VTE | bleeding, hyperkalemia, HIT | |||
| clopidogrel (PO) | Plavix | Antiplatelet agent | CAD, stroke | bleeding | diminished effectiveness in poor metabolizers | ||
| dipyridamole and aspirin (PO) | Aggrenox | Antiplatelet agent | Stroke | bleeding, headache | |||
| prasugrel (PO) | Effient | Antiplatelet agent | CAD | bleeding | CI in patients with history of stroke | bleeding risk | |
| alteplase (intracatheter) | Cathflo | Fibrinolytic | catheter clearance | bleeding | CI in patients with severe uncontrolled HTN | ||
| alteplase (IV) | Activase | Fibrinolytic | STEMI, ischemic stroke, PE | bleeding | CI in patients with severe uncontrolled HTN | ||
| amiodarone (PO, IV) | Pacerone, Nexterone | Antiarrhythmic | AF (rhythm control), ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia | hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity | many drug interactions | life-threatening arrhythmias, pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity | |
| digoxin (PO, IV) | Digitek, Digox, Lanoxin | Cardiac glycoside | AF (rate control), HF | nausea, vomiting, visual changes | narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended); signs of toxicity include nausea, vomiting and visual changes; many drug interactions | ||
| ezetimibe (PO) | Zetia | Cholesterol absorption inhibitor | Dyslipidemia | diarrhea | |||
| fenofibrate (PO) | Tricor, Trilipix | Fibric acid derivative | Dyslipidemia | dyspepsia, myopathy/rhabdomyolysis, elevated hepatic transaminases | |||
| gemfibrozil (PO) | Lopid | Fibric acid derivative | Dyslipidemia | dyspepsia, myopathy/rhabdomyolysis, elevated hepatic transaminases | |||
| atorvastatin (PO) | Lipitor | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke | myopathy/rhabdomyolysis | avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding | ||
| lovastatin (PO) | Mevacor | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke | myopathy/rhabdomyolysis | avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding | ||
| pravastatin (PO) | Pravachol | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke | myopathy/rhabdomyolysis | avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding | ||
| rosuvastatin (PO) | Crestor | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke | myopathy/rhabdomyolysis | avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding | ||
| simvastatin (PO) | Zocor | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke | myopathy/rhabdomyolysis | avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding | ||
| omega-3 fatty acids (PO) * | Lovaza Vascepa | Omega-3 fatty acids | Dyslipidemia | diarrhea, nausea, dysgeusia, eructation | |||
| niacin (extended release) (PO) * | Niaspan | Water-soluble vitamin | Dyslipidemia | flushing, pruritus | |||
| beclomethasone (INH) | Qvar | Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) | Asthma, COPD | oral candidiasis, hoarseness (dysphonia), sore throat | rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection | ||
| budesonide (INH) | Pulmicort | Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) | Asthma, COPD | oral candidiasis, hoarseness (dysphonia), sore throat | rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection | ||
| fluticasone propionate (INH) | Flovent, Arnuity | Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) | Asthma, COPD | oral candidiasis, hoarseness (dysphonia), sore throat | rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection | ||
| fluticasone and salmeterol (INH) | Advair, Wixela | Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) | Asthma, COPD | oral candidiasis, hoarseness (dysphonia), sore throat | rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection | ||
| budesonide and formoterol (INH) | Symbicort | Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) | Asthma, COPD | oral candidiasis, hoarseness (dysphonia), sore throat | rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection | ||
| mometasone and formoterol (INH) | Dulera | Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) | Asthma, COPD | oral candidiasis, hoarseness (dysphonia), sore throat | rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection | ||
| tiotropium (INH) | Spiriva | Long-acting anticholinergic | Asthma, COPD | xerostomia | |||
| theophylline (PO) | Theo-24, Theochron | Phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitor | Asthma, COPD | tachycardia, headache, nausea, insomnia, tremor | narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended); may cause seizures and cardiac arrhythmias at high concentrations | ||
| albuterol (INH) | Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir, | Short-acting beta2 agonist (SABA) | Asthma, COPD | tremor, tachycardia, nervousness, excitement | |||
| levalbuterol (INH) | Xopenex | Short-acting beta2 agonist (SABA) | Asthma | tremor, tachycardia, nervousness, excitement | |||
| ipratropium (INH) | Atrovent HFA | Short-acting anticholinergic | COPD | xerostomia, nausea, dysgeusia | |||
| montelukast (PO) | Singulair | Leukotriene receptor antagonist | Allergic rhinitis, asthma | headache | risk of serious neuropsychiatric effects (i.e., serious behavior and mood-related changes, including suicidal thoughts and actions) | ||
| varenicline (PO) | Chantix | Partial nicotine agonist | Smoking cessation | nausea, vomiting, abnormal dreams, headache, insomnia, irritability | |||
| ipratropium and albuterol (INH) | Combivent | Short-acting anticholinergic and Short-acting beta2 agonist (SABA) | Asthma, COPD | xerostomia, nausea, dysgeusia, tremor, tachycardia, nervousness, excitement | |||
| penicillin V potassium (PO) | --- | Beta-lactam antibiotic (natural penicillin) | Pharyngitis, SSTI | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | Activity against: Streptococcus pyogenes | ||
| penicillin G potassium (IV, IM) | --- | Beta-lactam antibiotic (natural penicillin) | syphilis (IV/IM) | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | Activity against: Treponema pallidum (syphilis) | ||
| amoxicillin (PO) | --- | Beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin) | Otitis media, pharyngitis | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes | ||
| ampicillin (PO, IV) | --- | Beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin) | Intrapartum group B Streptococcus prophylaxis | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes | ||
| amoxicillin and clavulanate (PO) | Augmentin, Augmentin XR | Beta-lactam antibiotic and beta-lactamase inhibitor | Otitis media, bacterial sinusitis | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (various ratios of amoxicillin and clavulanate available) | ||
| ampicillin and sulbactam (IV) | Unasyn | Beta-lactam antibiotic and beta-lactamase inhibitor | DFI, IAI | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | Activity against: MSSA, Bacteroides species | ||
| piperacillin and tazobactam (IV) | Zosyn | Beta-lactam antibiotic and beta-lactamase inhibitor | HAP, DFI, IAI | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||
| oxacillin (IV) | --- | Beta-lactam antibiotic | CRBSI, endocarditis, SSTI | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, elevated hepatic transaminases | Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes | ||
| cephalexin (PO) | Keflex | Beta-lactam antibiotic (first generation cephalosporin) | SSTI | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes | ||
| cefazolin (IV) | Ancef | Beta-lactam antibiotic (first generation cephalosporin) | Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery, CRBSI, SSTI | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes | ||
| cefuroxime (IV) | IV: Zinacef | Beta-lactam antibiotic (second generation cephalosporin) | Bacterial sinusitis | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae | ||
| cefuroxime (PO) | PO: Ceftin | Beta-lactam antibiotic (second generation cephalosporin) | Bacterial sinusitis | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae | ||
| cefdinir (PO) | Omnicef | Beta-lactam antibiotic (third generation cephalosporin) | Otitis media, bacterial sinusitis | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae | ||
| ceftriaxone (IV, IM) | Rocephin | Beta-lactam antibiotic (third generation cephalosporin) | Meningitis, CAP, pyelonephritis | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions | Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli | ||
| cefepime (IV) | Maxipime | Beta-lactam antibiotic (fourth generation cephalosporin) | Meningitis, VAP, HAP, pyelonephritis | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures or encephalopathy with excessive doses | Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||
| meropenem (IV) | Merrem | Carbapenem | Meningitis, HAP, DFI, IAI | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures with excessive doses | Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae | ||
| ertapenem (IV) | Invanz | Carbapenem | DFI, IAI | diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures with excessive doses | Activity against: ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae | ||
| ciprofloxacin (PO, IV) | Cipro | Fluoroquinolone antibiotic | Pyelonephritis, HAP | QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, increased hepatic transaminases, photosensitivity | take PO FLQs 2 hr b/4 or 6 hrs after prod w/divalent/trivalent cations (i.e., dairy products, Ca-fortified juices, oral MV, mineral supps); increased risk/aortic dissection/rupture, dysglycemias, CNS S/E (i.e., disorientation and delirium) | Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, atypicals | may cause serious adverse reactions including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects; may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis |
| levofloxacin (PO, IV) | Levaquin | Fluoroquinolone antibiotic | CAP, pyelonephritis | QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, increased hepatic transaminases, photosensitivity | take PO FLQs 2 hr b/4 or 6 hrs after prod w/divalent/trivalent cations (i.e., dairy products, Ca-fortified juices, oral MV, mineral supps); increased risk/aortic dissection/rupture, dysglycemias, CNS S/E (i.e., disorientation and delirium) | Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, atypicals | may cause serious adverse reactions including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects; may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis |
| moxifloxacin (ophthalmic) | Vigamox | Fluoroquinolone antibiotic | bacterial conjunctivitis | QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, increased hepatic transaminases, photosensitivity | take PO FLQs 2 hr b/4 or 6 hrs after prod w/divalent/trivalent cations (i.e., dairy products, Ca-fortified juices, oral MV, mineral supps); increased risk/aortic dissection/rupture, dysglycemias, CNS S/E (i.e., disorientation and delirium) | Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, atypicals | may cause serious adverse reactions including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects; may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis |
| moxifloxacin (PO, IV) | Avelox | Fluoroquinolone antibiotic | CAP | QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, increased hepatic transaminases, photosensitivity | take PO FLQs 2 hr b/4 or 6 hrs after prod w/divalent/trivalent cations (i.e., dairy products, Ca-fortified juices, oral MV, mineral supps); increased risk/aortic dissection/rupture, dysglycemias, CNS S/E (i.e., disorientation and delirium) | Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, atypicals | may cause serious adverse reactions including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects; may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis |
| azithromycin (PO, IV) | Zithromax, Z-Pak, Zmax | Macrolide antibiotic | CAP | diarrhea, QTc prolongation | Activity against: Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia trachomatis, atypicals | ||
| clarithromycin (PO, IV) | Biaxin, Biaxin XL | Macrolide antibiotic | CAP | diarrhea, metallic taste, QTc prolongation | Activity against: Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia trachomatis, atypicals | ||
| fidaxomicin (PO) | Dificid | Macrolide antibiotic | CDI | nausea | do not use for systemic infections (no systemic absorption) | Activity against: Clostridioides difficile | |
| doxycycline (PO, IV) | Vibramycin | Tetracycline antibiotic | SSTI, CAP, tickborne diseases | esophagitis (doxycycline only), photosensitivity | may cause permanent gray-brown teeth discoloration &/or enamel hypoplasia in children; take PO tetracyclines 2 hrs b4 or 6 hrs after products w divalent/trivalent cations (i.e., dairy products, Ca-fortified juices, oral MV, mineral supps) | Activity against: MRSA, atypicals | |
| minocycline (PO, IV) | Minocin | Tetracycline antibiotic | SSTI, acne | photosensitivity | may cause permanent gray-brown teeth discoloration &/or enamel hypoplasia in children; take PO tetracyclines 2 hrs b4 or 6 hrs after products w divalent/trivalent cations (i.e., dairy products, Ca-fortified juices, oral MV, mineral supps) | Activity against: MRSA | |
| clindamycin (PO, IV) | Cleocin | Lincosamide antibiotic | SSTI, pharyngitis | diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile diarrhea | Activity against: MRSA | Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including clindamycin, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis | |
| sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (PO, IV) | Bactrim, Bactrim DS | Sulfonamide antibiotic | SSTI | nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes (rarely SJS or TEN), hyperkalemia, increased serum creatinine, hypersensitivity reactions | fixed ratio (5:1) of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim; dosing based on trimethoprim component | Activity against: MRSA | |
| nitrofurantoin (PO) | Macrobid | Urinary antibiotic | Cystitis | nausea, pulmonary fibrosis (chronic use) | Activity against: Escherichia coli | ||
| gentamicin (IV) | --- | Aminoglycoside antibiotic | HAP, pyelonephritis, neonatal sepsis | nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity | Activity against: Escherichia coli | ||
| vancomycin (IV) | Vancocin | Glycopeptide antibiotic | SSTI, HAP, meningitis, endocarditis, CRBSI | nephrotoxicity, vancomycin infusion reaction | Activity against: MRSA, Clostridioides difficile | ||
| vancomycin (PO) | Vancocin | Glycopeptide antibiotic | CDI | nephrotoxicity, vancomycin infusion reaction | Activity against: MRSA, Clostridioides difficile | ||
| metronidazole (PO, IV) | Flagyl | Antibiotic | Anaerobic infections, CDI | nausea, metallic taste, alcohol intolerance, peripheral neuropathy (long-term use) | Activity against: Bacteroides species, Clostridioides difficile | ||
| mupirocin (topical) | Bactroban | Antibiotic | MRSA decolonization | no major side effects | |||
| terbinafine (PO, topical *) | Lamisil | Allylamine antifungal | Onychomycosis | nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, elevated hepatic transaminases, headache | |||
| acyclovir (PO, IV) | Zovirax | Antiviral | Herpes simplex virus | nausea, increased hepatic transaminases, crystalluria | vesicant | ||
| valacyclovir (PO) | Valtrex | Antiviral | Herpes simplex virus | nausea, increased hepatic transaminases | |||
| fluconazole (PO, IV) | Diflucan | Azole antifungal | Vulvovaginal candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis | nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, elevated hepatic transaminases | |||
| ketoconazole (PO, topical *) | Nizoral | Azole antifungal | Fungal infections | nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, increased hepatic transaminases | serious hepatotoxicity, including cases with a fatal outcome or requiring liver transplantation, have occurred; may cause QTc prolongation and drug interactions leading to QTc prolongation | ||
| oseltamivir (PO) | Tamiflu | Neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral | Influenza | nausea, vomiting, neuropsychiatric events (i.e., confusion, delirium, hallucinations) in pediatric patients (rare) | |||
| nystatin (PO) | --------- | Polyene antifungal | Oropharyngeal candidiasis | no major side effects | |||
| nystatin (topical) | Nystop | Polyene antifungal | Cutaneous and mucocutaneous fungal infections | burning, itching | only use oral solutions for thrush | ||
| micafungin (IV) | Mycamine | Echinocandin antifungal | Invasive candidiasis | no major side effects | |||
| betamethasone and clotrimazole (topical) | Lotrisone | Glucocorticoid and azole antifungal | Cutaneous fungal infections | burning, itching, dryness, skin atrophy | do not use for diaper dermatitis; adrenal suppression with long-term use over large areas of skin | ||
| tizanidine (PO) | Zanaflex | Alpha2 agonist | Spasticity | drowsiness, hypotension, dizziness, xerostomia, weakness | |||
| hydroxychloroquine (PO) | Plaquenil | Aminoquinolone | RA, SLE, malaria | retinal toxicity, rash, diarrhea | use has been associated with cardiomyopathy, bone marrow suppression, and neuromuscular effects (i.e., myopathy, palsies, and progressive weakness) | ||
| colchicine (PO) | Colcrys | Antigout agent | Gout | diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, myopathy (including rhabdomyolysis) | |||
| diclofenac (PO) | Voltaren | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain | diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea | avoid in patients with renal disease, heart failure, and cirrhosis | may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function | may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation |
| ibuprofen (PO) * | Motrin, Advil | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain | diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea | avoid in patients with renal disease, heart failure, and cirrhosis | may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function | may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation |
| meloxicam (PO) | Mobic | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain | diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea | avoid in patients with renal disease, heart failure, and cirrhosis | may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function | may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation |
| indomethacin (PO) | Indocin | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain, gout | diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea | avoid in patients with renal disease, heart failure, and cirrhosis | may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function | may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation |
| naproxen (PO) * | Naprosyn, Anaprox, Aleve | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain, gout | diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea | avoid in patients with renal disease, heart failure, and cirrhosis | may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function | may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation |
| ketorolac (PO, IV) | Toradol | NSAID | Pain | diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea | avoid in patients with renal disease, heart failure, and cirrhosis | may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function | may increase risk of serious & potentially fatal CV thrombotic events, MI, & stroke; may increase risk for serious & potentially fatal GI AEs including ulceration, bleeding, & perforation; indicated for short term use (≤ 5 days) |
| celecoxib (PO) | Celebrex | NSAID, COX-2 selective | OA, RA, acute pain | diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea | avoid in patients with renal disease, heart failure, and cirrhosis | may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function | may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation |
| diclofenac (topical) * | Voltaren Gel | NSAID | OA | pruritus, rash | avoid in patients with renal disease, heart failure, and cirrhosis | may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function | may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation |
| cyclobenzaprine (PO) | Flexeril | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Muscle spasm | drowsiness, dizziness, xerostomia, fatigue | CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | use may cause prolonged cardiac arrhythmias, and tachycardia | |
| baclofen (PO) | --- | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Spasticity | drowsiness | |||
| carisoprodol (PO) | Soma | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Muscle spasm | drowsiness | drug abuse potential | ||
| methocarbamol (PO) | Robaxin | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Muscle spasm | drowsiness | |||
| metaxalone (PO) | Skelaxin | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Muscle spasm | drowsiness | |||
| lidocaine (transdermal *) | Lidoderm | topical analgesic | pain | dermatitis, erythema, urticaria, skin depigmentation, skin edema | patch may remain in place for up to 12 hours in any 24-hour period, patch may be cut | ||
| lidocaine (IV) | Xylocaine | antiarrhythmic | ventricular arrhythmias | bradycardia | |||
| allopurinol (PO) | Zyloprim | Xanthine oxidase Inhibitor | Gout | diarrhea, nausea, rash, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia | risk highest in certain Asian populations | rare association with severe (and potentially fatal) allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome | |
| succinylcholine (IV) | Anectine | Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent | Neuromuscular blockade for intubation or procedures | hyperkalemia, myalgia, malignant hyperthermia (rare) | acute rhabdomyolysis and hyperkalemia leading to cardiac arrest and death in pediatric patients with undiagnosed skeletal muscle disease | ||
| metformin (PO) | Glucophage, Glucophage XR | Biguanide | Type 2 DM, PCOS | diarrhea, nausea, vomiting | lactic acidosis | ||
| sitagliptin (PO) | Januvia | Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitor | Type 2 DM | headache, nasopharyngitis | |||
| empagliflozin (PO) | Jardiance | Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor 2 (SGLT2 inhibitor) | Type 2 DM, HF | UTI | |||
| glimepiride (PO) | Amaryl | Sulfonylurea | Type 2 DM | hypoglycemia, weight gain | |||
| glipizide (PO) | Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL | Sulfonylurea | Type 2 DM | hypoglycemia, weight gain | |||
| glyburide (PO) | Glynase | Sulfonylurea | Type 2 DM | hypoglycemia, weight gain | |||
| pioglitazone (PO) | Actos | Thiazolidinedione (TZD) | Type 2 DM | edema, weight gain, upper respiratory tract infection | CI in NYHA Class III and IV | may exacerbate congestive heart failure | |
| liraglutide (SQ) | Victoza, Saxenda | Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist | Type 2 DM, chronic weight management | nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation | may increase risk of thyroid c-cell tumor | ||
| insulin detemir (SQ) | Levemir | Insulin, long acting | Type 1 DM, type 2 DM | hypoglycemia, weight gain | |||
| insulin glargine (SQ) | Lantus, Toujeo, Basaglar | Insulin, long acting | Type 1 DM, type 2 DM | hypoglycemia, weight gain | |||
| insulin NPH (SQ) | Humulin N, Novolin N | Insulin, intermediate acting | Type 1 DM, type 2 DM | hypoglycemia, weight gain | |||
| insulin aspart (SQ) | Novolog | Insulin, rapid acting | Type 1 DM, type 2 DM | hypoglycemia, weight gain | |||
| insulin lispro (SQ) | Humalog | Insulin, rapid acting | Type 1 DM, type 2 DM | hypoglycemia, weight gain | |||
| insulin regular (SQ, IV) | Humulin R, Novolin R | Insulin, short-acting | Type 1 DM, type 2 DM, DKA | hypoglycemia, weight gain | |||
| levothyroxine (PO, IV) | Synthroid, Levoxyl | Thyroid product | Hypothyroidism | weight loss, palpitations, diarrhea, insomnia, heat intolerance | narrow therapeutic index drug (therapeutic monitoring is recommended); not all generic products are therapeutically equivalent | not intended for use for weight loss | |
| thyroid, dessicated (PO) | Armour Thyroid | Thyroid product | Hypothyroidism | weight loss, palpitations, diarrhea, insomnia, heat intolerance | narrow therapeutic index drug (therapeutic monitoring is recommended); not all generic products are therapeutically equivalent | not intended for use for weight loss | |
| sitagliptin and metformin (PO) | Janumet, Janumet XR | Biguanide and Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitor | diarrhea, nausea, vomiting | lactic acidosis | |||
| drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Yasmin, Yaz | Contraceptive | Contraception, acne | nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache | CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease | increased risk of cardiovascular events in women >35 years old who smoke | |
| levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Lutera, Levora, Seasonique | Contraceptive | Contraception, acne | nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache | CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease | increased risk of cardiovascular events in women >35 years old who smoke | |
| norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Junel, Loestrin, Microgestin | Contraceptive | Contraception, acne | nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache | CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease | increased risk of cardiovascular events in women >35 years old who smoke | |
| norethindrone, ethinyl estradiol, and ferrous fumarate (PO) | Lo Loestrin Fe, Microgestin Fe | Contraceptive | Contraception, acne | nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache | CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease | increased risk of cardiovascular events in women >35 years old who smoke | |
| norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo, Tri-Sprintec, Sprintec | Contraceptive | Contraception, acne | nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache | CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease | increased risk of cardiovascular events in women >35 years old who smoke | |
| norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Crysell-28, Low-Ogestrel | Contraceptive | Contraception, acne | nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache | CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease | increased risk of cardiovascular events in women >35 years old who smoke | |
| estrogens, conjugated (equine) (PO, topical) | Premarin | Estrogen derivative | Vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, vaginal atrophy associated with menopause | abdominal pain, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders (myocardial infarction, stroke, VTE) | CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease | increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; increased risk of endometrial cancer if not used concomitantly with progestin in women with a uterus; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease | |
| estradiol (transdermal) | Vivelle Dot | Estrogen derivative | Vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, vaginal atrophy associated with menopause | irritation at application site (transdermal patch only), abdominal pain, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders (myocardial infarction, stroke, VTE) | CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease | increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; increased risk of endometrial cancer if not used concomitantly with progestin in women with a uterus; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease | |
| estradiol (PO) | Estrace | Estrogen derivative | Vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, vaginal atrophy associated with menopause | abdominal pain, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders (myocardial infarction, stroke, VTE) | CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease | increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; increased risk of endometrial cancer if not used concomitantly with progestin in women with a uterus; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease | |
| medroxyprogesterone (PO) | Provera | Progestin | Abnormal uterine bleeding, secondary amenorrhea | acne, abnormal menstrual bleeding, headache, amenorrhea | CI in thromboembolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, estrogen or progesterone-dependent tumors, undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding, hepatic impairment | increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease | |
| testosterone gel (topical) | AndroGel, Fortesta, Vogelxo | Androgen | Hypogonadism | contact dermatitis, acne, increased prostate specific antigen (PSA), emotional lability, hypertension | CI in males with breast or prostate cancer and pregnant women | secondary exposure may result in virilization (especially in children) | |
| alendronate (PO) | Fosamax | Bisphosphonate | Osteoporosis | dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypocalcemia, atypical fractures, osteonecrosis of the jaw | CI in patients with abnormalities of the esophagus | administer ≥30 minutes before food or drink (except plain water); remain upright for 30 minutes following dose to reduce esophageal irritation | |
| ibandronate (PO, IV) | Boniva | Bisphosphonate | Osteoporosis | dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypocalcemia, atypical fractures, osteonecrosis of the jaw | (oral only): CI in patients with abnormalities of the esophagus | administer ≥60 minutes before food or drink (except plain water); remain upright for 60 minutes following dose to reduce esophageal irritation | |
| raloxifene (PO) | Evista | Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) | Osteoporosis, breast cancer prevention | hot flashes, leg cramps, peripheral edema, arthralgia | increased risk of thromboembolism; increased risk of death caused by stroke in patients with cardiovascular disease | ||
| sildenafil (PO) | Viagra, Revatio | Phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme (PDE5) inhibitor | ED, PAH | priapism, headache, flushing, visual disturbance | CI with concomitant use of nitrates (may cause severe hypotension) | ||
| tadalafil (PO) | Cialis | Phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme (PDE5) inhibitor | ED, BPH | priapism, headache, flushing, visual disturbance | CI with concomitant use of nitrates (may cause severe hypotension) | ||
| mirtazapine (PO) | Remeron | Alpha2 antagonist | MDD | drowsiness, weight gain, xerostomia, increased appetite, constipation | increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults | ||
| bupropion (PO) | Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL | Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor | MDD | tachycardia, headache, agitation, dizziness, insomnia, weight loss | CI in patients with seizure disorders and/or eating disorders | use may increase risk of seizures | increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults; serious neuropsychiatric reactions have occurred |
| atomoxetine (PO) | Strattera | Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) | ADHD | hypertension, tachycardia, headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia | CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | do not discontinue abruptly | increased risk of suicidal ideation in children or adolescents |
| desvenlafaxine (PO) | Pristiq | SNRI | MDD | headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia | CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | do not discontinue abruptly | increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults |
| duloxetine (PO) | Cymbalta | SNRI | MDD | headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia | CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | do not discontinue abruptly | increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults |
| venlafaxine (PO) | Effexor, Effexor XR | SNRI | MDD | headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia | CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | do not discontinue abruptly | increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults |
| citalopram (PO) | Celexa | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) | MDD | drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache | CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | do not discontinue abruptly | increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults |
| fluoxetine (PO) | Prozac | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) | MDD | drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache | CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | do not discontinue abruptly | increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults |
| escitalopram (PO) | Lexapro | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) | MDD | drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache | CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | do not discontinue abruptly | increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults |
| paroxetine (PO) | Paxil | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) | MDD | drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache | CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | do not discontinue abruptly | increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults |
| sertraline (PO) | Zoloft | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) | MDD | drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache | CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | do not discontinue abruptly | increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults |
| trazodone (PO) | Desyrel | Serotonin reuptake inhibitor | Insomnia, MDD | sedation, headache, dizziness, dry mouth, nausea | antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults | ||
| vilazodone (PO) | Viibryd | SSRI / 5-HT1a partial agonist | MDD | headache, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, insomnia | increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults | ||
| amitriptyline (PO) | Elavil | Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) | MDD, diabetic neuropathy, migraine prophylaxis | dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction | CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | do not discontinue abruptly | increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults |
| nortriptyline (PO) | Pamelor | Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) | MDD, diabetic neuropathy, migraine prophylaxis | dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction | CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | do not discontinue abruptly | increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults |
| doxepin (PO) | Silenor | Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) | Insomnia | somnolence, sedation, nausea | CI within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | do not discontinue abruptly | |
| benztropine (PO) | Cogentin | Anticholinergic | Drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms | blurred vision, confusion, constipation, dry mouth, sedation, urinary retention | |||
| dexmethylphenidate (PO) | Focalin XR | CNS stimulant | ADHD | insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension | high potential for abuse | ||
| dextroamphetamine and amphetamine (PO) | Adderall, Adderall XR | CNS stimulant | ADHD, narcolepsy | insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension | high potential for abuse | ||
| lisdexamfetamine (PO) | Vyvanse | CNS stimulant | ADHD | insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension | high potential for abuse | ||
| methylphenidate (PO) | Concerta, Metadate, Ritalin | CNS stimulant | ADHD, narcolepsy | insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension | high potential for abuse | ||
| guanfacine (PO) | Intuniv | Selective alpha2a agonist | ADHD, HTN | bradycardia, hypotension, sedation, skin rash | |||
| pramipexole (PO) | Mirapex | Dopamine agonist | Parkinson's disease, RLS | nausea, hallucinations, dizziness, drowsiness, compulsive behaviors | |||
| ropinirole (PO) | Requip | Dopamine agonist | Parkinson's disease, RLS | nausea, hallucinations, dizziness, drowsiness, compulsive behaviors | |||
| carbidopa and levodopa (PO) | Sinemet, Sinemet CR | Decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa), dopamine precursor (levodopa) | Parkinson's disease | nausea, orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesias | CI within 14 days of MAOI, CI in narrow-angle glaucoma | ||
| memantine (PO) | Namenda | N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist | Dementia | constipation, confusion, dizziness, headache | |||
| donepezil (PO) | Aricept | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Dementia | nausea, vomiting, diarrhea | |||
| lithium (PO) | Lithobid | Antimanic agent | Bipolar disorder | tremor, acne, hypothyroidism, weight gain, polyuria, polydipsia | narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended) | ability to promptly monitor levels is necessary | |
| sumatriptan (PO, intranasal, SQ) | Imitrex | Antimigraine | Migraine | fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, chest tightness | CI in ischemic heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, peripheral vascular disease, and uncontrolled hypertension | ||
| haloperidol (PO, IV, IM) | Haldol | First-generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia | sedation, EPS, parkinsonism, xerostomia, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, QTc prolongation | elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death | ||
| clozapine (PO) | Clozaril | Second-generation antipsychotic | Treatment-resistant schizophrenia | sedation, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, sialorrhea, hyperglycemia, weight gain | risk of neutropenia requires monitoring of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) to receive prescription | may cause severe neutropenia, orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, & syncope; seizures; fatal myocarditis & cardiomyopathy; elderly patients w dementia-related psychosis treated w antipsychotic drugs @ increased risk of death | |
| aripiprazole (PO, IM) | Abilify | Second-generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) | sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension | antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death | ||
| quetiapine (PO) | Seroquel, Seroquel XR | Second-generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) | sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension | antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death | ||
| olanzapine (PO, IM) | Zyprexa | Second-generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) | sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain | elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death | ||
| risperidone (PO) | Risperdal | Second-generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) | sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain | elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death | ||
| risperidone (IM) | Risperdal Consta | Second-generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) | sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain | elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death | ||
| ziprasidone (PO, IM) | Geodon | Second-generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) | sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain | elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death | ||
| carbamazepine (PO) | Tegretol | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder | dizziness, drowsiness, headache, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, hyponatremia | risk of serious dermatologic reactions (including SJS and TEN) in patients with certain genetic predisposition; may cause aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis | ||
| lamotrigine (PO) | Lamictal | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder | nausea, vomiting, somnolence, skin rash | risk of serious dermatologic reactions, including SJS | ||
| divalproex (valproic acid derivative) (PO) | Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakene | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, migraine prophylaxis | drowsiness, weight gain, tremor, hair loss, thrombocytopenia | may cause fatal hepatic failure; may cause life-threatening pancreatitis; fetal toxicity | ||
| topiramate (PO) | Topamax | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders, migraine prophylaxis | somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, memory impairment, weight loss | |||
| levetiracetam (PO, IV) | Keppra | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders | somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness | |||
| oxcarbazepine (PO) | Trileptal | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders | somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness, hyponatremia | |||
| phenobarbital (PO, IM, IV) | --- | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders | somnolence, dizziness, risk of SJS | |||
| phenytoin (PO, IV) | Dilantin | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders | somnolence, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, risk of SJS | narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended) | cardiovascular risk with rapid infusion | |
| gabapentin (PO) | Neurontin | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders, neuropathic pain | somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision | |||
| pregabalin (PO) | Lyrica | Anticonvulsant | Seizure disorders, neuropathic pain | somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision | |||
| buspirone (PO) | Buspar | Antianxiety agent | Anxiety | dizziness, drowsiness, nausea | |||
| alprazolam (PO) | Xanax | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions | ||
| clonazepam (PO) | Klonopin | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, seizure disorders | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions | ||
| diazepam (PO, IV) | Valium | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions | ||
| lorazepam (PO, IV) | Ativan | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal | parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions | |
| midazolam (IV, IM) | Versed | Benzodiazepine | Anesthesia, sedation | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions | ||
| temazepam (PO) | Restoril | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, insomnia | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions | ||
| eszopiclone (PO) | Lunesta | Hypnotic | Insomnia | decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, dysgeusia | CI in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors | serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors (i.e., sleepwalking, sleep driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake) | |
| zolpidem (PO) | Ambien, Ambien CR | Hypnotic | Insomnia | decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, dysgeusia | CI in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors | serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors (i.e., sleepwalking, sleep driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake) | |
| zolpidem (SL) | Intermezzo | Hypnotic | Insomnia | decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, dysgeusia | CI in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors | serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors (i.e., sleepwalking, sleep driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake) | |
| propofol (IV) | Diprivan | Sedative, anticonvulsant | Sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus | hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol-related infusion syndrome (rare) | |||
| dexmedetomidine (IV) | Precedex | Alpha2 agonist, sedative | Sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures | bradycardia, hypotension | |||
| dicyclomine (PO) | Bentyl | Anticholinergic; Antispasmodic | IBS | drowsiness, blurred vision, dizziness | Caution in cardiovascular disease, hepatic impairment, renal impairment, and hyperthyroidism | ||
| lubiprostone (PO) | Amitiza | Chloride channel activator | IBS with constipation, chronic constipation, opioid-induced constipation | nausea, headache, dyspnea | CI in known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction | ||
| dexamethasone (PO, IV) | DexPak, DoubleDex | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory diseases, cerebral edema | hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) | risk of adrenal suppression with prolonged use | ||
| methylprednisolone (PO, IV) | Medrol | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory diseases, COPD exacerbation, asthma exacerbation, acute gout | hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) | risk of adrenal suppression with prolonged use | ||
| prednisolone (PO) | Orapred | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory diseases, COPD exacerbation, asthma exacerbation, acute gout | hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) | risk of adrenal suppression with prolonged use | ||
| prednisone (PO) | Deltasone | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory diseases, COPD exacerbation, asthma exacerbation, acute gout | hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) | risk of adrenal suppression with prolonged use | ||
| hydrocortisone (topical) * | Cortisone, Cortaid | Corticosteroid | Inflammation, rash | hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) | risk of adrenal suppression with prolonged use | ||
| hydrocortisone (IV) | Solu-Cortef | Corticosteroid | Acute illness, adrenal insufficiency | hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) | risk of adrenal suppression with prolonged use | ||
| metoclopramide (PO, IV) | Reglan | Dopamine (D2) antagonist | Gastroparesis, GERD, nausea, vomiting | drowsiness, dystonia, akathisia, EPS, QTc prolongation, diarrhea | may cause tardive dyskinesia | ||
| prochlorperazine (PO, PR, IM, IV) | Compazine | Dopamine (D2) antagonist | Nausea, vomiting | drowsiness, dizziness, xerostomia, blurred vision, constipation, QTc prolongation | do not administer IV push | increased risk of death in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis | |
| ondansetron (PO, IV) | Zofran, Zofran ODT | Selective serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist | Nausea, vomiting | headache, fatigue, constipation, QTc prolongation | |||
| promethazine (PO, IM, IV, PR) | Phenergan | Histamine (H1) blocker | Motion sickness, nausea, vomiting | drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, QTc prolongation | potential for fatal respiratory depression in patients < 2 years old; injection can cause peripheral extravasation (preferred parenteral route is IM) | ||
| lactulose (PO) | Enulose, Constulose | Laxative | Constipation, hepatic encephalopathy | abdominal cramps, abdominal distention, diarrhea, flatulence | |||
| diphenoxylate and atropine (PO) | Lomotil | Antidiarrheal | Diarrhea | nausea, confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, xerostomia, tachycardia, urinary retention | |||
| famotidine (PO, IV) * | Pepcid | Histamine (H2) blocker | GERD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | headache, constipation, diarrhea, mental status changes | |||
| dexlansoprazole (PO) | Dexilant | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia | increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection | ||
| esomeprazole (PO, IV) * | Nexium | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia | increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection | ||
| lansoprazole (PO) * | Prevacid | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia | increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection | ||
| omeprazole (PO) * | Prilosec | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia | increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection | ||
| pantoprazole (PO, IV) | Protonix | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia | increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection | ||
| sucralfate (PO) | Carafate | Gastrointestinal protectant | PUD | constipation, bezoar formation | |||
| fentanyl (transdermal) | Duragesic | Opioid analgesic | Pain | dizziness, drowsiness, itching, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) | accid'l ingest/opioid addic/abuse/misuse = OD/death/serious/life-threat/fatal resp dep; prolong use/preg = neonat opioid WD synd; abrupt discont = serious opioid-induc WD synd; w benzos/CNS deprs (+ alcohol) = profound sedat, resp depres/coma/death | ||
| fentanyl (IV) | Sublimaze | Opioid analgesic | Pain | dizziness, drowsiness, itching, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) | accid'l ingest/opioid addic/abuse/misuse = OD/death/serious/life-threat/fatal resp dep; prolong use/preg = neonat opioid WD synd; abrupt discont = serious opioid-induc WD synd; w benzos/CNS deprs (+ alcohol) = profound sedat, resp depres/coma/death | ||
| hydromorphone (PO, IV) | Dilaudid | Opioid analgesic | Pain | dizziness, drowsiness, itching, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) | accid'l ingest/opioid addic/abuse/misuse = OD/death/serious/life-threat/fatal resp dep; prolong use/preg = neonat opioid WD synd; abrupt discont = serious opioid-induc WD synd; w benzos/CNS deprs (+ alcohol) = profound sedat, resp depres/coma/death | ||
| morphine (extended release) (PO) | MS Contin, Kadian | Opioid analgesic | Pain | dizziness, drowsiness, itching, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) | accid'l ingest/opioid addic/abuse/misuse = OD/death/serious/life-threat/fatal resp dep; prolong use/preg = neonat opioid WD synd; abrupt discont = serious opioid-induc WD synd; w benzos/CNS deprs (+ alcohol) = profound sedat, resp depres/coma/death | ||
| morphine (immediate release) (PO, IV, IM, PR) | IV: Duramorph | Opioid analgesic | Pain | dizziness, drowsiness, itching, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) | accid'l ingest/opioid addic/abuse/misuse = OD/death/serious/life-threat/fatal resp dep; prolong use/preg = neonat opioid WD synd; abrupt discont = serious opioid-induc WD synd; w benzos/CNS deprs (+ alcohol) = profound sedat, resp depres/coma/death | ||
| oxycodone (PO) | Oxycontin, Roxicodone | Opioid analgesic | Pain | dizziness, drowsiness, itching, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) | accid'l ingest/opioid addic/abuse/misuse = OD/death/serious/life-threat/fatal resp dep; prolong use/preg = neonat opioid WD synd; abrupt discont = serious opioid-induc WD synd; w benzos/CNS deprs (+ alcohol) = profound sedat, resp depres/coma/death | ||
| methadone (PO, IV) | Dolophine | Opioid analgesic | Opioid use disorder, severe chronic pain | dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related), QTc prolongation | accid'l ingest/opioid addic/abuse/misuse = OD/death/serious/life-threat/fatal resp dep; prolong use/preg = neonat opioid WD synd; abrupt discont = serious opioid-induc WD synd; w benzos/CNS deprs (+ alcohol) = profound sedat, resp depres/coma/death | ||
| acetaminophen (PO, PR) * | Tylenol | Analgesic (non-opioid), antipyretic | Pain, fever | nausea, vomiting, increased hepatic transaminases | total daily dose from all sources should not exceed maximum daily limit; hepatotoxicity | ||
| acetaminophen (IV) | Ofirmev | Analgesic (non-opioid), antipyretic | Pain, fever | nausea, vomiting, increased hepatic transaminases | total daily dose from all sources should not exceed maximum daily limit; hepatotoxicity | ||
| tramadol (PO) | Ultram, Ultram ER | Central analgesic; partial opioid agonist | Pain | dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) | lowers seizure threshold | serious or fatal respiratory depression may occur | |
| hydrocodone and acetaminophen (PO) | Lortab, Vicodin, Norco | Opioid and nonopioid analgesic combination | Pain | dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) | accid'l ingest/opioid addic/abuse/misuse = OD/death/serious/life-threat/fatal resp dep; prolong use/preg = neonat opioid WD synd; abrupt discont = serious opioid-induc WD synd; w benzos/CNS deprs (+ alcohol) = profound sedat, resp depres/coma/death | ||
| oxycodone and acetaminophen (PO) | Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet | Opioid and nonopioid analgesic combination | Pain | dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) | accid'l ingest/opioid addic/abuse/misuse = OD/death/serious/life-threat/fatal resp dep; prolong use/preg = neonat opioid WD synd; abrupt discont = serious opioid-induc WD synd; w benzos/CNS deprs (+ alcohol) = profound sedat, resp depres/coma/death | ||
| codeine and acetaminophen (PO) | Tylenol with Codeine | Opioid and nonopioid analgesic combination | Pain | dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) | |||
| naloxone (IV, IM, SQ, intranasal) | Narcan | Opioid antagonist | Opioid overdose | headache, opioid withdrawal syndrome in opioid-dependent populations, pain, diaphoresis | potentially life-threatening respiratory depression (when combined with other CNS and respiratory depressants); addition of naloxone to buprenorphine reduces possibility of parenteral misuse by producing opioid withdrawal symptoms when injected | ||
| buprenorphine and naloxone (SL) | Suboxone | Partial opioid agonist and opioid antagonist | Opioid use disorder | headache, opioid withdrawal syndrome in opioid-dependent populations, pain, diaphoresis | potentially life-threatening respiratory depression (when combined with other CNS and respiratory depressants); addition of naloxone to buprenorphine reduces possibility of parenteral misuse by producing opioid withdrawal symptoms when injected | ||
| methotrexate (PO) | Trexall | Antimetabolite (folic acid antagonist) | Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s Disease, psoriasis, various hematologic and solid tumors | stomatitis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, increased hepatic transaminases, pulmonary fibrosis (rare) | CI in pregnancy | folic acid supplementation may be taken during use to reduce hematologic, gastrointestinal, and hepatic side effects | only use 4 life-threat neoplastic dis/sev psori/RA; fetal death/congen abnorms; sev-fatal bone mar supp, aplastic anemia & tox w MTX & NSAIDs; hepatotox; MTX-induced lung dis, incl acute/chronic interstitial pneumonitis; sev-fatal GI tox w NSAIDs |
| anastrozole (PO) | Arimidex | Aromatase inhibitor | Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer | fatigue, rash, flushing, hot flashes, arthralgia, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, peripheral edema, osteoporosis | CI in pregnancy | cardiovascular side effects (i.e., hypercholesterolemia, CAD); fetal toxicity | |
| phentermine (PO) | Adipex-P | CNS stimulant | Obesity | hypertension, nausea, dizziness, xerostomia, primary pulmonary hypertension (rare) | CI in those with a history of cardiovascular disease or drug abuse, pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, or within 14 days of MAOI inhibitor therapy | only approved for short-term use | |
| ferrous sulfate (PO) * | FeroSul, SlowFe | Iron supplement | Iron deficiency anemia | nausea, stomach upset, constipation (dose-related), dark and tarry stools | Accidental overdose is leading cause of fatal poisoning in children under 6 years old | ||
| cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) (PO, IM, SL, intranasal) * | --- | Water-soluble vitamin | Vitamin B12 deficiency (manifests as macrocytic anemia) | no major side effects | |||
| folic acid (PO) * | --- | Water-soluble vitamin | Folic acid deficiency (manifests as macrocytic anemia), prevention of neural tube defects in pregnancy | no major side effects |
Created by:
CaristW
Popular Pharmacology sets