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Chemistry Test 5

Chem

QuestionAnswer
elements combine in fixed, definite proportions Compound
they can have any proportions whatsoever Mixture
formally stated the idea that elements combine in fixed proportions to form compounds Joseph Proust
The law of Constant Composition states... All samples of a given compound have the same proportions of thier constituent elements
What is mass ratio 16.0 g O/ 2.0 g H -8.0 or 8:0:1
A chemical formula indicates? the elements present in a compound and the relative number of atom of each
Molecular formula shows how many of each element in letters and numbers
Structural formula shows how atoms are connected: each hydrogen atom is bonded to the central carbon atom
Ball and stick model/ space-filling model shows the geometry of the molecule: how the atoms are arranged in three dimensions
Chemical formulas list what first most metallic elements first
those that exist in nature with single atoms as thier basic units (most elements) Atomic elements
do not normally exist in nature with single atoms as thier basic units. Instead these elements exist as diatomic molecules two atoms of that elements bounded together as thier basic units Molecular elements
When in element form these certain elements only exist as PAIRS H, N, O, F, Cl,Br, I BrINClHOF
ionic compounds contain one or more cations paired with one or more anions
cations are metals
anions are nonmetals
basic unit of ionic compounds formula unit
naming ionic compounds contains metal and one or more nonmetals together, cation then anion
naming binary ionic compounds cation, then anion
groups of covalently bonded atoms that behave as one unit. Group has a charge (net charge) polyatomic ion
polyatomic ions that are similar except they have different numbers of oxygen atoms oxyanions
polyatomic ions are treated like what in formulas single ions
between 2 nonmetals, formulas does not always show simplest ratio, formula shows actual composition of molecule Binary Molecular Compounds (covalent molecules)
1 mono
2 di
3 tri
4 tetra
5 penta
6 hexa
7 hepta
8 octa
9 nona
10 deca
molecular compounds that form ions when dissolved in water acids
many ionic compounds have a fixed quantity of water molecules bound within thier structure hydrated crystals
no water, water driven off by heat Anhydrous
Water's formula mass 18.016
An acid containing only hydrogen and a nonmetal. binary acid
A compound containing only two different kinds of elements. binary compounds
A way to represent a compound. At a minimum, indicates the elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms of each element. chemical formula
A formula for a compound that gives the smallest whole-number ratio of each type of atom. empirical formula
The average mass of the molecules (or formula units) that compose a compound. formula mass
A compound formed between a metal and one or more nonmetals ionic compounds
A law stating that all samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements. Law of constant composition
A compound formed from two or more nonmetals. Have distinct molecules as their simplest identifiable units. Molecular compounds
An element that does not normally exist in nature with single atoms as the basic unit. These elements usually exist as diatomic molecules—2 atoms of that element bonded together—as their basic units. molecular elements
A formula for a compound that gives the specific number of each type of atom in a molecule. molecular formula
A three-dimensional representation of a molecule. molecular model
An acid containing hydrogen, a nonmetal, and oxygen. oxyacids
A way to represent molecules in which atoms are represented with spheres that overlap with one another. space-filling models
The elements in the middle of the periodic table whose properties tend to be less predictable based simply on their position in the periodic table.Lose electrons in their chemical reactions, but do not necessarily acquire noble gas configurations. Transition metals
Created by: astei
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