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Unit 5
Chemical Equations & Reactions
| Answer | Question |
|---|---|
| Chemical Reaction | occurs when atoms in the reactants recombine/rearrange to form new products |
| Chemical properties | characteristics of matter that can only be observed when one substance changes into a different substance |
| Evidence of Chemical Reactions | *production of gas or bubbles *changes in temperature *production of a precipitate (a solid forms & settles out) *color change *formation of a new substance *produces light |
| Physical Change | Substances may change in state of matter, color, or size but atomic structure remains the same |
| Physical Change Examples | Water being absorbed in the large intestine, freezing water, calculating the density of water, dissolving sugar in water, ice cracking, sugar dissolving, lead melting |
| Subscript | number written slightly lower after an atomic symbol and states the number of atoms for that element |
| Oxidation Numbers | charges of ions due to the giving or taking away of electrons |
| Endothermic | cold reactions; process absorbs heat making its surroundings cooler |
| Endothermic Reactions | Activating a cold pack to reduce swelling, Photosynthesis, Cooking an Egg, Boiling water over a fire to brew coffee |
| Exothermic | hot reactions; process releases heat making its surrounding warmer |
| Exothermic Examples | breaking up a heat pack to warm your hands, cracking a glow stick to illuminate a tent, combusting wood to create a camp fire, |
| Acid Rain | water with a lower pH due to pollutants in the atmosphere from vehicles and power plants; occurs near large cities *disrupts the life cycle of aquatic organisms *dissolves poisonous metals found in the soil *causes unnatural wear on statues and building |
| Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) | nontoxic, nonflammable chemicals containing atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine; found in aerosol sprays, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, as solvents, and as refrigerants; contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer |
| Valence Electrons | the part of the atom responsible for the bonding of atoms to fill the outer shell |
| Octet Rule | Atoms give, take, or share electrons to have eight in their outer shell |
| Group Numbers | Located above the vertical columns of the periodic table and identify the number of valence electrons |
| Reactants | the substances that react with one another to form new substances; located on the left side of a chemical equation |
| Products | the substances that are produced from a chemical reaction; located on the right side of a chemical equation |
| Chemical Formula | states the number of atoms of each element in a compound |
| Atomic Symbol with No Subscript | states there is only one atom of the element |
| Total Number of Atoms in a Molecule | Count the atoms of each element and add the numbers |
| A Neutralization Reaction (Acid-Base Reaction) | type of double displacement reaction that occurs between an acid and a base to produce water and a salt; also called neutralization, has a pH of 7. |
| Synthesis Reaction | involves two or more substances combining to form a single compound |
| Decomposition Reaction | involves a single compound producing two or more simpler substances |
| Double-Displacement Reaction | involves the ions of two compounds exchanging places to form two new compounds |
| Single-Replacement Reaction | involves one element replacing an element in a compound that is from the same activity series |
| Acid | a substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water (pH < 7) |
| Balanced chemical equation | an equation that represents quantitatively the relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction |
| Base | a substance that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water (pH > 7) |
| Law of conservation of matter | matter is not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction; the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants |
| Oxidation-reduction reaction | a reaction in which electrons are transferred between reacting atoms, that is atoms change oxidation numbers; includes synthesis, single replacement, decomposition, and combustion reactions |
| Precipitation reaction | a type of double replacement reaction occurring in solution that produces an insoluble product |
Created by:
SaJohnson
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