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EGB273 (completed)
Steel Construction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| TENDERING 1 | • SUCCESS IN STEEL CONSTRUCTION STARTS WITH THE BIDDING PROCESS • CANNOT INSIST ON QUALITY IF OPPORTUNITY NOT GIVEN TO PRICE |
| TENDERING 2 | • SOME QUALITY REQUIREMENTS ARE NOT NORMAL COMMERCIAL PRACTICE • ISSUES AFFECTING QUALITY NOT OFTEN CONSIDERED BY DESIGNER • Workshop Details |
| FABRICATION 1 | • ECONOMICAL FABRICATION RELIES ON PRODUCTION LINE APPROACH • REGULAR INSPECTION (WEEKLY) ENGENDERS QUALITY ATTITUDE |
| FABRICATION 2 | • IF NOT CONFIDENT SECURE SERVICE OF EXPERIENCED INSPECTOR • BE AWARE OF COMMERCIAL STANDARDS • KEEP ADEQUATE TESTING AS PER CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS |
| PROTECTION TECHNIQUES - PRINCIPAL TECHNIQUES USED: | 1. ENCAPSULATION IN VAPOUR PROOF MEMBRANE 2. COATING WITH SACRIFICIAL METAL (GALVANISING) 3. COATING WITH SACRIFICIAL PAINT, OVERCOATED WITH A PROTECTIVE PAINT |
| PROTECTION TECHNIQUES - SECONDARY TECHNIQUES: | 1. PROVIDING AN ADJACENT SACRIFICIAL MATERIAL OF LOWER GALVANIC PROPERTIES 2. INDUCING HARD RUST ON SURFACE TO INHIBIT CORROSION 3. PROVIDING SUFFICIENT THICKNESS OF MATERIAL TO GUARANTEE SERVICE LIFE |
| STORAGE | • DELIVERY SEQUENCE MAY REQUIRE LARGE STORAGE AREA • PROBLEMS OF STORING IN OTHER THAN SINGLE LAYERS • STORE CLEAR OF GROUND • STORE ON SLOPE TO SELF DRAIN • REQUIREMENT FOR “YARD” CRANE (GROVE, FOWLER, FRANNA) |
| ERECTION - LIFTING TACKLE | – NECESSARY TO ASSESS STRESSES IN MEMBER DUE TO LIFTING – SPECIAL SLINGING EQUIPMENT REQUIRES DESIGNED – SOME SLINGS PROVIDED BY CRANE COMPANY (EXPEDIENT SELECTION) – BALANCING LOADS IN SLINGS – CENTRE OF GRAVITY CALCULATIONS |
| EFFECTS OF SLINGING POINTS 1 | 1. MEMBER MUST BE CHECKED FOR OVERLOAD IN COMPRESSION 2. FLATTER SLING ANGLE INCREASES COMPRESSION LOAD 3. INPACT CAN CAUSE INCREASE IN ORDER OF 25% |
| EFFECTS OF SLINGING POINTS 2 | 1. UNEQUAL SLINGS MAY BE USED TO INCLINE MEMBER AT CORRECT ATTITUDE 2. SLING LEGS WILL TAKE UNEQUAL LOADS WHICH MUST BE CALCULATED |
| EFFECTS OF SLINGING POINTS 3 | 3. PULLEY AT TOP OF SLING USED IF LOADS ARE TO BE KEPT EQUAL 4. CANNOT MAINTAIN CORRECT ATTITUDE WITH CERTAINTY IF PULLEY USED |
| SLINGING AND LIFTING HARDWARE | • All hardware is rated to a safe working load (SWL) • Hardware proof load = 3 to 6 x SWL • Slings are down rated when they are used in a choke or cradling configuration |
| SLINGS SUPPLY | • SIMPLE SLINGS WILL BE SUPPLIED WITH HIRED CRANE • SLING CHOICE OFTEN LEFT TO FIELD PERSONNEL • PURPOSE MADE SLINGS WILL OFTEN HAVE TO BE DESIGNED • SLINGS FABRICATED BY CERTIFIED SUPPLIER • ADOPT SAFETY FACTOR OF 6 (ABUSE, IMPACT, WEAR) |
| SLINGS 1 | FABRIC WEBBING SLINGS REQUIRE SPECIAL CARE (WEAR IN STITCHING) SLINGS MADE OF WIRE ROPE (CHAIN BECOMING MORE PREVALENT) |
| SLINGS 2 | ATTACHMENT USUALLY MADE BY SHACKLES NON-ROTATING ROPES USED FOR CRANE RIGGING SLINGS HAVE LIMITED LIFE, REQUIRE CONSTANT INSPECTION |
| SLING EQUAILISATION | • Critical to safe lifting • The load CoG will always hang plumb under the hook regardless of how the load is slung!!!! |
| EQUALISING SYSTEMS EMPLOY: | • Equalising/spreader beams • Pulleys • Equalising triangles • Synchronised jacks |
| ERECTION TASKS - SECURE CRANE INFORMATION FROM: | LINDORES HOLTS |
| ERECTION TASKS | • CHECK TRANSPORT OF MEMBER LENGTHS SELECTED • DECIDE LAYDOWN AREA • DETERMINE SIZE OF YARD CRANE • DETERMINE TEMPORARY RESTRAINT SYSTEMS • DETERMINE PAINTING AREA IF NEEDED |
| CRANE SELECTION 1 | – AVOID MARGINAL SITUATIONS – CONSIDER CRANE MOVEMENTS IN THREE DIMENSIONS – UNDERSTAND CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT TYPES (RUBBER TYRED / TRACKED, LATTICE / TELESCOPIC) – CONSIDER OPERATING SURFACE – BE VERY CAUTIOUS OF MULTIPLE CRANE LIFTS |
| CRANE SELECTION 2 | •DRAW POSITIONS OF ALL CRITICAL ELEMENTS TO SCALE •DETERMINE JIB LENGTH FROM TRIAL POSITION •DETERMINE MAX. RADIUS FROM ADOPTED POSITION •DETERMINE MIN. RADIUS •CHECK JIB ANGLE AT MIN. RADIUS (OK) •CHECK FOR CLASH WITH EXISTING STEELWORK |
| CRANE SELECTION 3 | CALCULATE MAXIMUM LOAD CONDITION |
| Multiple Crane Lifts | Require special care/planning |
| Multi Crane Setup (Accidental Lateral Load On Boom = Failure) | • Avoid poor alignment • Poor alignment = a configuration that induces lateral loads on one crane’s boom when the other crane is luffing • Dual slewing operations need to be done slowly and with considerable care |
| CRANE SELECTION JIB LENGTH PROVIDES DRIFT ABOVE TOWER | •DETERMINE JIB LENGTH FROM TRIAL POSITION •DETERMINE MAX. RADIUS BY SKETCHING TO SCALE •DETERMINE MIN. RADIUS •CHECK JIB ANGLE AT MIN. RADIUS |
Created by:
Asher - S
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