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Chem Exam 2

Sections 3.3-6.2, based on class content

QuestionAnswer
What is an atomic orbital? Region in an atom not in the nucleus where an electron is most likely to be
What is the purpose of quantum numbers? Used to determine the electron configuration of an atom and the location of its electrons
What are the four quantum numbers? m, l, m sub l, m sub s
What does the first quantum number refer to? Energy level of the electron
What does the second quantum number refer to? Shape of the orbital
What does the third quantum number refer to? Orientation of the orbital
What does the fourth quantum number refer to? Spin of the electron
What is not allowed in terms of the quantum numbers? No two electrons can have the same four numbers
What is Hund's rule? Everybody gets one before someone gets two
What is Aufbau? Fill the lowest energy level first
What is a covalent radius? One half the distance between the nuclei or identical atoms
What is effective nuclear charge? Pull on a specific electron by the nucleus influenced by electron-electron interactions
What is shielding? Blocking of valence electron attraction by the nucleus
What happens to atomic radius as you travel down the periodic table? Gets bigger
What happens to atomic radius as you travel right across the periodic table? Gets smaller
What is an ionic radius? Distance from nucleus to edge of the electron cloud for an ion
What is the relationship between an atom and its cation's radius? Cation is smaller
What is the relationship between an atom and its anion's radius? Anion is bigger
What does it mean to be isoelectronic? Same amount of electrons, same electron configuration
What is ionization energy? Amount of energy required to remove an electron
What is second ionization energy? Amount of energy required to remove a second electron
What happens to ionization energy as you travel down the periodic table? Energy goes down
What happens to ionization energy as you travel right across the periodic table? Energy goes up
What group will always have high ionization energies? Noble Gases
Where are metals on the periodic table? Left side
Where are nonmetals on the periodic table? Right side
Where does most chemistry happen in the periodic table? s and p groups
What is an ionic bond? Electron transfer where the charges hold the atoms together
What is a covalent bond? Electron is shared between two atoms forming a bond
What elements form an ionic bond? Metal and nonmetal
What elements form a covalent bond? Nonmetal and nonmetal
How can you tell the difference between an "ite" polyatomic ion and an "ate" polyatomic ion? "Ite" has one less oxygen than "ate"
What does an "ite" ion turn into? "Ous" acid
What does an "ate" ion turn into? "Ic" acid
What electronegativity results in a nonpolar bond? Less than 0.4 difference
What electronegativity results in a polar bond? 0.5-1.7 difference
What electronegativity results in an ionic bond? Greater than 1.8 difference
How do you name an ionic compound? Name metal, name nonmetal, change ending to "ide"
How do you name a covalent compound? Name nonmetal one, name nonmetal two, change ending to "ide," add prefixes
What does a roman numeral in a compound tell you? Charge of the metal
In a binary compound, how do you name an aqueous acid? Hydro, element, "ic" acid
In a non-binary compound, how do you name an aqueous acid? Same rules as ions, determine charges based on how many Hydrogen atoms are present
What is a Lewis dot structure? Elemental symbol surrounded by one dot for each valence electron
When is it ok to expand an octet? Elements in the third row or below
What is formal charge? Valence electrons-number of unbonded electrons-number of bonds
What is the ideal formal charge? 0
What is resonance? Multiple legal and equivalent Lewis structures
What is the ideal bond angle for a linear molecule? 180
What is the ideal bond angle for a trigonal planar molecule? 120
What is the ideal bond angle for a tetrahedral molecule? 109.5
What is the ideal bond angle for a trigonal bipyramidal molecule? 120 and 90
What is the ideal bond angle for an octahedral molecule? 90
What is a trigonal planar geometry with one lone pair called? Bent
What is a tetrahedral geometry with one lone pair called? Trigonal pyramidal
What is a tetrahedral geometry with two lone pairs called? Bent
How do you get delocalization? In a resonant structure, electron jumps between possible places
What are the four types of orbitals? s, p, d, f
What do we call the first type of connection between molecular orbitals? Sigma bonds
Where are sigma bonds located? Internuclear space
What do we call the second type of connection between molecular orbitals? Pi bonds
Where are pi bonds located? Side overlap of orbitals
What are the five hybridized orbitals we talked about in class? sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, sp3d2
Are pi bonds found in hybridized orbitals? No, they are in singly unoccupied p orbitals left over after hybridization
What kinds of molecules will we use in MO diagrams? Diatomic
How do you calculate bond order? Good bonds-bad bonds/2
What does it mean to be paramagnetic? There are some unpaired electrons
What does it mean to be diamagnetic? There are no unpaired electrons
What do we think of free radicals? BAD
What is formula mass? Sum of the average atomic masses of all the atoms in the formula
Why do ionic compounds not exist as molecules? The empirical formula is the only formula
How do you create an empirical formula? Convert mass to moles, divide by smallest number of moles, then multiply to get all integers
How do you get percent compositions? Divide mass of the element by mass of the compound
What names can ionic compounds use for mass? Formula mass, molar mass
What names can molecular compounds use for mass? Molecular mass, molar mass
Created by: gymnasticat
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