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Physical Science-S1
Physical Science semester 1 vocabulary 1.1-4.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Substance | A single kind of matter that is pure and has a specific set of properties. |
| Physical property | A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance. |
| Chemical property | A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into different substances. |
| Atom | The basic particle from which all elements are made; the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element. |
| Element | A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means. |
| Molecule | A neutral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
| Compound | A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio or proportion. |
| Mixture | Two or more substances that are together in the same place but their atoms are not chemically bonded. |
| Mass | A measure of how much matter is in an object. |
| Volume | The amount of space that matter occupies. |
| Weight | A measure of the force of gravity acting on an object. |
| Density | The measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume. |
| Physical change | A change that alters the form or appearance of a material but does not make the material into another substance. |
| Chemical change | A change in which one or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances. |
| Solid | A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume. |
| Liquid | A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume. |
| Surface tension | The result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together; causes the surface to act as if it has a thin skin. |
| Viscosity | A liquid's resistance to flowing. |
| Gas | A state of matter with no definite shape or volume |
| Thermal energy | The total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles of an object. |
| Temperature | How hot or cold something is; a measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance; the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance. |
| Melting point | The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. |
| Freezing point | The temperature at which a liquid freezes. |
| Vaporization | The change of state from a liquid to a gas. |
| Boiling point | The temperature at which a liquid boils. |
| Evaporation | The process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gas. |
| Condensation | The change in state from a gas to a liquid. |
| Sublimation | The change in state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state. |
| Pressure | The force pushing on a surface divided by the area of that surface |
| Charles's Law | A principle that describes the relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas at constant pressure. |
| Boyle's Law | A principle that describes the relationship between the pressure volume of a gas at constant temperature. |
| Energy | The ability to do work or cause change. |
| Motion | The state in which one object's distance from another is changing |
| Force | A push or pull exerted on an object. |
| Work | Force exerted on an object that causes it to move. |
| Power | The rate at which one form of energy is transformed into another |
| Kinetic energy | Energy that an object has due to its motion |
| Potential energy | The energy an object has because of its position; also the internal stored energy of an object, such as energy stored in chemical bonds. |
| Gravitational potential energy | Potential energy that depends on the height of an object |
| Elastic potential energy | The energy of stretched or compressed objects |
| Mechanical energy | Kinetic or potential energy associated with the motion or position of an object. |
| Nuclear energy | The potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom |
| chemical energy | The form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms |
| electrical energy | The energy of electric charges |
| electromagnetic radiation | The energy transferred through space by electromagnetic waves |
| Law of conservation of energy | The rule that energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| Heat | The transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object |
| Conduction | The transfer of thermal energy from one particle of matter to another |
| Convection | The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a fluid |
| Convection current | The movement of a fluid, caused by the differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another. |
| Radiation | The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
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