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Respirator Ass
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what should the thorax ratio be normally | 1:2 ration anteroposterior |
| what is a 1:1 ratio of the thorax called and what respiratory disease is it associated with | barrel chest, COPD |
| describe the inspection of the respiratory system | check for labored breathing, tachypnea or bradypnea, accessory muscle use, dyspnea (SOB) symmetrical chest expansion, inspiratory or expiratory sounds, cyanosis |
| describe palpating the thorax | feel for vocal fremitus and even expansion |
| what is fremitus | vibration felt when patient speaks |
| what is a cause of decreased fremitus | pneumothorax, pleural effusion |
| what is a cause of increased fremitus | fluid accumulation- pneumonia or cystic fibrosis |
| why is percussion of the thorax not routine anymore | because we have imaging and its more effective |
| what is a resonate sounds | normal percussed sound |
| what is hyper resonance | abnormal percussion sound indicating pneumothorax |
| what is a dull sound | percussion over bone, collapse, fluid or mass |
| what is a stony dullness | pleural effusion |
| what pattern should you auscultate lungs in | ladder pattern to compare right side to left side |
| what are the three normal lung sounds | vesicular, bronchovesicular and bronchiole |
| what does vesicular sound like | like a gentle breeze |
| what does bronchovesicular sound like | blowing noise air passing through large airways |
| what does bronchiole sound like | air pitched air moving through smaller airways |
| what are the abnormal lung sounds | crackles (rales) - course and fine. rhonchi, wheezing, stridor and absent |
| describe fine and course crackles | snap, crackles and pops, air passing through fluid filled cavities, common in lower lobes. CHF and pneumonia |
| describe rhonchi sounds | sounds like a dad snoring, gurgles and low pitched. larger airway obstruction, COPD or pneumonia sometimes cleared by coughing |
| describe wheezing sounds | air passing through constricted bronchus, high pitched. asthma and bronchitits |
| describe stridor sounds | sounds like a barking seal, constriction of smaller airways, foreign objects or anaphylaxis |
| describe friction rub sounds | pleural surface are inflamed and rub against the ribs, sounds like old floorboards |
| describe absent lung sounds | no breath sounds, pneumothorax |
| what is an ABG | arterial blood gas, looks at blood oxygenation and acid base balance in the blood to determine if its metabolic or respiratory. |
| what is the allens test | test to determine if the radial artery is occluded to draw blood for ABG that the ulnar artery can supply blood to the extremity |
| post care for ABG | no blood pressures on that arm for 24 hours, no lifting objects, limit wrist movement. |
| capnography | looks at how well gas exchange happens in the patient and measures expiratory carbon dioxide |
| TB test | sub dermal injection to test for the presence of tuberculosis |
| indications of TB test | traveled outside of the country, taking immunosuppressants, HIV, or organ transplant patient. |
| pulse oximetry | looks at how much oxygen blood is transporting through the blood. (a 95% SpO2 means blood can carry 5% more O2) |
| what is a normal value SpO2 for a patient with no respiratory disease | 95% or higher |
| what can effect a pulse oximetry reading | cold hands, dark nail polish or poor perfusion |
| what is a sputum culture | sputum collection sent to lab to determine presence of bacteria |
| what is a bronchoscopy | sedative procedure where tubes are inserted into airways to check for abnormalities in patients with unknown hypoxia |
| what is a thoracentesis | the placement of a catheter in a patient to drain fluid from pleural cavity. |
| what should be done before and after a thoracentesis | baseline SpO2, lung sounds. |
| what characteristics should be noted with thoracentesis drainage | presence of a little blood (normal), color, amount. |
| what is a chest tube insertion | draining of fluid, more long term, can remove air. |
| define orthopnea | SOB relieved by sitting up |
| define platypnea | SOB relieved by laying flat |
Created by:
brandt.a277
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