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Cardiac Assessment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| where is the angle of louis located | on the top of the sternum below the manubrium |
| where is the aortic listening site | right side 2nd intercoastal space |
| where is Erbs point listening site | left side 3rd intercostal space |
| where is the tricuspid listening site | the 4th intercostal space left side |
| where is the mitral/apical listening site | the 5th intercostal space left side two inches left from midline |
| where is the pulmonic listening site | the 2nd intercostal space left side |
| what heart structure is makes the S1 sound | tricuspid and mitral valves |
| what is another name for the tricuspid and mitral valves | atrioventricular valves |
| what heart structure makes the S2 sound | aortic and pulmonic valves |
| what is another name for the aortic and pulmonic valves | semilunar valves |
| what are S3 sounds | "gallops" heard early after S2 indicating rapid ventricle filling |
| what are S4 sounds | rapid pushing of blood into an ineffective left ventricle before S1 |
| describe how murmurs are graded | on a scale of 1 to 6 one being the lowest and 6 being the highest |
| how are carotid arteries assessed | palpate one at a time, no sounds heard on auscultation, no thrills felt. |
| if turbulent blood flow is heard in the carotid what is it called | a bruits |
| what can turbulent blood flow in the carotids indicate | a murmur |
| what is vibration felt in the carotids called | a thrill |
| when a bruit is heard what should you check for next | feel for a thrill |
| describe assessment for jugular vein distension | raised jugular veins indicate right sided heart failure |
| what could raised jugular veins indicate | fluid overload, CHF or right side heart failure |
| describe positioning the patient for JVD | semi fowlers position with head turned to one side |
| describe checking peripheral perfusion | check skin for cyanosis, pallor, clubbing, delayed capillary refill, dark skin around ankles, loss of hair mid tibia down, cool skin. |
| how many seconds for capillaries to refill after blanching is considered normal | 3 seconds |
| what is the homans test | test for DVT leg is slightly extended and foot pushed back and pain behind the knee can indicate a DVT. |
| what is a pericardial friction rub | scratching sound of the heart rubbing against the pericardium |
| how do you check peripheral pulses | pulse are to be check bilaterally for symmetry, strength and for regular pulse |
| what is a murmur | abnormal heart wooshing sound can be caused by valve regurgitation (AV valves) or stenosis (AV valves). |
| what is a thrill | vibration felt over the skin when turbulent blood flow is found |
| what are gallops | extra heart sounds that are caused be rapid ventricle filling |
| what a rub sounds | the sound of the heart rubbing on the ribs |
| what can be a cause of delayed capillary refill | aortic insufficiency, poor peripheral circulation |
| what is mottling | red, blue, pinkish spots of extremities signaling the heart is failing |
| what is pallor | pale skin |
| what is cyanosis | bluing skin |
| what is a CK MB test | creatine kinase myocardial band test to check blood for dead heart tissue and dead muscle tissue, not a good test to check for cardiac damage as it isnt heart specific |
| what is a troponin test | blood test that specifically looks at cardiac muscle damage |
| what is a myoglobin test | blood test that looks for muscle damage, non heart specific |
| what is BNP | brain naturetic peptide, test that rules out heart failure, increased amounts indicate heart failure or fluid overload |
| what is a cardiac catheter | process of inserting a tool from the brachial artery or the femoral artery in the heart. |
| what does a cardiac cath look for | blockages in coronary arteries. |
| what is the post op care for a cardiac cath | 2 to 6 hours of flat laying no moving depending on how the insertion site is closed. |
| what do you do if the patient has a hematoma after a cardiac cath | provide direct pressure |
| what are some warning signs after a cardiac cath that require immediate attention | the patient is restless or has a lot of anxiety, call the provider |
Created by:
brandt.a277
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