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Biochemistry

Biochemistry unit 1 and 2

QuestionAnswer
Suspensions Gas or liquid has another substance NOT evenly spread throughout it. Unlike solutions, substances in suspensions can sink to the bottom Ex) Blood
Solution Two or more substances are mixed evenly
Explain why blood is a suspension Blood stays together in body b/c heart keeps blood flowing and blood cells suspended
Organic Compounds Contain carbon; associated with living or once living things
Inorganic Compounds Made from elements other than carbon
What are 3 reasons water is important? Living things are made of more than 50% water, needed for chemical reactions to occur, used to transport materials through organisms.
Carbohydrates Supply energy for cell processes.
Three characteristics of lipids Fats and oils; do not mix with water. Releases a larger amount of energy than carbohydrates; harder to break down. Found in cell membranes; make cell membrane selectively permeable because fats and oils do not mix with water
Since lipids have more energy stored in their bonds, why does the body get more usable energy from carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are easier to break down than lipids so the body uses less energy to get new energy from the carbohydrate bonds
What are protiens made of? Amino acids
What are two uses of proteins in the body? Make up many structures like muscle. Make up enzymes, regulate all chemical reactions in cells
What are nucleic acids? They store coded information for cells
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid; directs activities of the cell. DNA is found in the nucleus
Enzyme Regulate all chemical reactions in cell; can speed up the rate of a reaction and are not used up. Made up of proteins. Each enzyme only bonds with a specific substrate
Explain why mitochondria is important? Glucose is broken down in the mitochondria for energy and cristae increases the surface area so more glucose can be broken down and more energy released.
One enzyme-one substrate theory An enzyme will only bond with a specific substrate. The substrate is changed into a new substance but the enzyme is not. The enzyme can continue bonding with other similar specific substrates and is not used up.
Does passive transport use energy? No
Osmosis The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Diffusion The movement of molecules other than water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Isotonic Solutions H2O enters and leaves at the same rate b/c H2O concentration is equal inside and outside of the cell. Cell is stable and in equilibrium
Hypertonic Solutions greater concentration of H2O inside the cell so more H2O leaves the cell to try and reach equilibrium
Hypotonic Solutions greater concentration of H2O outside the cell so more H2O enters the cell trying to reach equilibrium
Why are osmosis and diffusion important? Because they help maintain homeostasis and equilibrium
Does active transport use energy? Yes
Endocytosis Part of the cell membrane forms a vesicle around particle (s) and brings it into the cell.
Exocytosis a vesicle filled with particle (s) moves to the cell membrane, fuses with it and releases contents to the outside
What organelle have we studied that uses exocytosis? Golgi Bodies
What is the relationship between ribosomes and golgi apparatus? Ribosomes make proteins. The golgi apparatus modifies proteins and then packages them in vesicles to be shipped out of the cell.
What is the difference between a control group and an experimental group? Control group is not changed and is used for comparison. Experimental group has one variable that is changed.
What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable? An independent variable is what you change in an experiment. The dependent variable is changed by the independent variable.
Hypothesis A possible explanation or awnser to a question, includes affect
Prediction An IF-THEN statement. States in advance the results of the experiment
Facilitated Diffution molecules are too large to pass across cell membranes and use transport molecules to allow them to enter and leave.
Created by: 25jwestbay
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