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Covalent Bonding
IGCSE Edexcel (9-1) Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Covalent Bonding? | Covalent Bonding is the strong electrostatic forces between the positively charged nuclei of the atoms that make up the bond and the negatively charged shared pair of electrons |
| What defines what and atom is : The number of Protons or the Number of Electrons | Number of Protons.. |
| What is the Octect Rule? | Octect rule is a rule which states that atoms are more stable when they have 08 electrons in their outer shell. |
| The more energy is released the more ---Blank---- an atom is.... | Stable |
| What is the shape of Methane? | Tetrahedral Shape |
| What is the shape of A water molecule? | Bent shape |
| What is the formulae for Ethane | C2H6 |
| What is the formulae for Ethene | C2H4 |
| What is the formulae for Chloroethene? | CH2CHCL (C2H3CL) |
| What is the formulae for Chloroethane? | C2H5CL |
| What is the formula for bromomethane? | CH3Br |
| Simple Molecular Structures have Very Weak Covalent bodns but very strong Intermolecular forces; True or False | False |
| Substances with simple molecular structures tend to be gases, or liquids or solids with relatively LOW melting and boiling points. True or False | True |
| Melting and boling points ----Decrease/Incresase --- as Molecular mass increase | Increase |
| Why do the Melting and boiling points increase as Molecular mass increases. | Because as the molecular mass increase the Intremolecular forces inreaces and more energy is required to break those stronger intermolecular forces |
| Simple Molecular structures have HIGH melting and boiling points: True or False | False |
| Why don't Covalent molecular compounds conduct electricity? | Because the molecules don't have any overall electrical charge (There are no ions) and the electrons are tightly held in the atoms or covalent bonds and so are not able to move from molecue to molecule. |
| Name 02 more properties of covalent molecular compounds | They are insoluble in water They are soluble in organic solvents |
| Diamond is a FORM of impure carbon: True or False | False |
| Each carbon atom has 4 electrons in it's outer shell.. How much Covalent bonds does carbon from? | 4 Carbons |
| What is the Arrangement of Carbon atoms in Diamond | Tetrahedral Arrangement |
| Diamond is a molecule: True or False | False |
| Does Diamond have a high melting point? | Yes |
| Why does diamond have a high melting point? | Because of the very strong carbon to carbon covalent bonds that extend throughout the whole structure in 3 dimensions. So large amounts of thermal energy is required to break these Covalent Bonds |
| Why is Diamond Hard? | Diamond is hard because of the very strong carbon to carbon covalent bonds which extend throughout the whole structure in 3 dimensions. |
| Does Diamond conduct electricity? | No |
| Why doesn't diamond conduct electricty? | Because all the electrons in the outer shell are held tightly in covalent bonds between atoms and none are free to move around. |
| Does diamond dissolve in water or organic solvents?? | No |
| Why doesn't diamond dissolve in water or any other solvents? | Because of the very strong carboon to carbon covalent bonds. If diamond were to dissolve then these bonds would have to be broken. |
| Does diamond conduct heat well? | Yes. |
| Graphite is also a Form of Carbon: What is the structure in Graphite | Layer Structure |
| Is graphite sof or hard | Soft |
| Why is graphite a soft material? | Although the forces of attraction holding the atoms in each layer are strong the Attraction forces BETWEEN Layers are weak and not much energy is required to overcome them |
| What happens to the graphite when you are writing? | You leave a trail of graphite layers on the paper |
| Graphite is so slippery it is used as a Wet Lubricant: True or False | False |
| Why does graphite have High Melting and Boiling points | To melt or boil graphite you don't just need to seperate the layers apart but you also need to break up the whole structure and this means breaking the covalent bonds between carbon atoms.. This requires a lot of energy |
| Why can Graphite conduct electricity? | In graphite the carbon atoms only 3 electrons form covalent bonds. The 4rth electron is free to move throughout the whole layer and conduct electricity. The movement of these electrons is what allows the electrical conductivity of Graphite |
| Give another 2 properties of carbon that is in the edexcel Extension work.. | Graphite is insoluble in all solvents Less denser than Diamond |
| What are delocalised Electrons? | Delocalised electrons are eletrons which are free to move throughout the whole structure/layer. |
| What is an Allotrope | Allotropes are different forms of the same element |
| Name One Allortrope of carbon other than Diamond and Graphite | C60 Fullerene |
| Does c60 fullerene have high or low melting points? | Low |
| Is c60 fullerene Simple molecular structure or a giant molecular structure | Simple Molecular structure |
| Why can't C60 fullerene conduct electricity? | Because the electrons can ONLY move within the c60 molecule and cannot jump from molecule to molecule |
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