click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Quizlet #8
22 Terms quater 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Genetics | the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. |
Heredity | Passing of traits from parents to offspring |
Inheritance | The process in which genetic material is passed from parents to their offspring. |
Trait | A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. |
purebred | An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent. |
hybrid | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait |
cross | mating of two organisms |
gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait |
allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait |
Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |
genotype | An organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations. |
Phenotype | An organism's physical appearance or visible traits that results from allele interactions |
allele frequency | a measure of how common a certain allele is in the population |
Punnett Square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
Probability | A number that describes how likely it is that a genotype or phenotype will occur |
Genotype Frequency | a measure of how common a certain genotype is in the population |
Phenotype Frequency | a measure of how common a certain phenotype is in the population |
Law of Segregation | Mendel's first law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete |
law of independent assortment | Mendel's second law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis |
dominant allele | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. |
recessive allele | An allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present |