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OB CH 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| personality | The structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior. Personality reflects what people are like and creates their social reputation. |
| traits | Recurring trends in people’s responses to their environment. |
| cultural values | Shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture that influence the expression of traits. |
| conscientiousness | One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious hardworking, and persevering. |
| agreeableness | One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, courteous, and warm. |
| Neuroticism | One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, jealous, and unstable. |
| openness to experience | One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated. |
| extraversion | One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and dominant. |
| Big Five | The five major dimensions of personality including conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion. |
| Accomplishment striving | A strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing personality. |
| communion striving | A strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality. |
| zero acquaintance | Situations in which two people have just met. |
| status striving | A strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social structure as a means of expressing personality. |
| positive affectivity | A dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation. |
| negative affectivity | A dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness, and annoyance. |
| differential exposure | Being more likely to appraise day-to-day situations as stressful, thereby feeling that stressors are encountered more frequently. |
| differential reactivity | Being less likely to believe that they can cope with the stressors experienced on a daily basis. |
| locus of control | Whether people believe the events that occur around them are self-driven or driven by the external environment. |
| Myers Briggs types indicator (MBTI) | A personality framework that evaluates people on the basis of four types or preferences: extraversion versus introversion, sensing versus intuition, thinking versus feeling, and judging versus perceiving. |
| interests | Expressions of personality that influence behavior through preferences for certain environments and activities. |
| RIASEC model | An interest framework summarized by six different personality types including realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional. |
| individualism-collectivism | The degree to which a culture has a loosely knit social framework (individualism) or a tight social framework (collectivism). |
| power distance | The degree to which a culture prefers equal power distribution (low power distance) or an unequal power distribution (high power distance). |
| uncertainty avoidance | The degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguous situations (low uncertainty avoidance) or feels threatened by them (high uncertainty avoidance). |
| masculinity-femininity | The degree to which a culture values stereotypically male traits (masculinity) or stereotypically female traits (femininity). |
| Short-term vs. Long-term orientation | The degree to which a culture stresses values that are past- and present-oriented (short-term orientation) or future-oriented (long-term orientation). |
| indulgence vs. restraint | The degree to which a culture values expression, freedom, and leisure versus strict social norms and order. |
| Project GLOBE | A collection of 170 researchers from 62 cultures who examine the impact of culture on the effectiveness of leader attributes, behaviors, and practices. |
| ethnocentrism | A propensity to view one’s own cultural values as “right” and those of other cultures as “wrong.” |
| typical performance | Performance in the routine conditions that surround daily job tasks. |
| maximum performance | Performance in brief, special circumstances that demand a person’s best effort. |
| situational strength | The degree to which situations have clear behavioral expectations, incentives, or instructions that make differences between individuals less important. |
| trait activation | The degree to which situations provide cues that trigger the expression of a given personality trait. |
| integrity tests | Personality tests that focus specifically on a predisposition to engage in theft and other counterproductive behaviors (sometimes also called “honesty tests”). |
| clear purpose tests | Integrity tests that ask about attitudes toward dishonesty, beliefs about the frequency of dishonesty, desire to punish dishonesty, and confession of past dishonesty. |
| veiled purpose test | Integrity tests that do not directly ask about dishonesty, instead assessing more general personality traits associated with dishonest acts. |
| faking | Exaggerating responses to a personality test in a socially desirable fashion. |
| culture | The shared values, beliefs, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of a society and are transmitted across generations. |
Created by:
cnwilmoth
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