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Skeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Long bones | long/narrow and have expanded ends |
| short bones | cube like *sesamoid bones - round bones embedded in tendons |
| flat bones | bones that are plate like with broad surfaces |
| irregular bones | bones are a variety of shapes |
| LONG BONES : epiphysis | expanded end - red marrow |
| LONG BONES : diaphysis | bone shaft - yellow marrow |
| LONG BONES : metaphysis | widening part - between epiphysis and diaphysis |
| LONG BONES : articular cartilage | covers epiphysis - composed of hyaline cartilage |
| LONG BONES : periosteum | covers (encloses) bone *very sensitive* |
| what tissue is periosteum made of? | dense irregular tissue makes up periosteum and it allows for tendons and ligaments to attach easily |
| LONG BONES : compact bone | found in wall of diaphysis |
| LONG BONES : spongy bone | makes up epiphysis |
| LONG BONES : trabeculae | branching bony plates (within spongy bone) filled with red marrow |
| Another name for compact bone? | Cortical bone |
| another name for spongy bone | cancellous bone |
| LONG BONES : medullary cavity | hollow camber within diaphysis, contains marrow |
| LONG BONES : endosteum | lines spaces/cavities |
| LONG BONES : bone marrow | lines medullary cavity and spongy bone spaces |
| MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF BONES : osteocytes | mature bone CELLS |
| MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF BONES : lacunae | chambers occupied by osteocytes |
| MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF BONES : canaliculi | tiny passageways through which the cell processes of osteocytes exchange nutrients/waste |
| MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF BONES : extracellular matrix | collagen fibers and inorganic salts - resistance and to make bone hard |
| MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF BONES : osteoblasts | bone BUILDING cells |
| MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF BONES : compact bone | composed of osteons - look like tree rings are strong, solid, tough |
| MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF BONES : spongy bone | consists of branching plates - TRABECULAE somewhat flexible and has spaces to reduce bone weight |
| Functions of bone | provide shape, support/protect body, help body movement, contain tissues that produces blood, stores inorganic salts |
| BLOOD CELL FORMATION | made in red marrow |
| COLORS OF MARROW | red - blood yellow - fat |
| with age, what changes happens to the marrow? | some red marrow becomes yellow marrow |
| INORGANIC SALT STORAGE | calcium phosphate is main type |
| BONE DEVELOPMENT GROWTH AND REPAIR : when does bone development start and end? | starts in womb, never stops |
| BONE DEVELOPMENT GROWTH AND REPAIR : when does bone start to form? | bones form when no tissue replaces the existing connective tissue |
| BONE DEVELOPMENT GROWTH AND REPAIR : Intramembranous ossification | bones for between SHEETS of C tissue |
| BONE DEVELOPMENT GROWTH AND REPAIR : Endochondral ossification | bones form from HYALINE CARTILAGE models |
| which ossification process is this? mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts, which deposit bony matrix around them to turn into osteocytes , leftover mesenchyme on outside forms periosteum | intramembranous |
Created by:
jada.strohman
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