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GI Disfunctions
Gastro intestinal dysfunctions
Etiology | Manifestations | ||
---|---|---|---|
Dysphagia | Difficulty Swallowing, narrow esophagus, and low salivary secretion | neuromuscular or structural | Choking |
Hiatal Hernia | Protrusion of stomach through esophagus and diaphragm | age, coughing, obesity, heavy lifting. | if large: heartburn dysphagia, regurgitation of stomach contents. and Barrett's esophagus |
GERD | symptoms or damage produced by the backflow into esophagus | weak lower esophageal sphincter. | heartburn, dysphagia, and Barret's esophagus |
Acute Gastritis | inflammation of gastric lining | NSAIDs, alcohols, bacteria, and stress. | Nausea, anorexia |
Chronic Gastritis | Metaplasia of the gastric lining | H.pylori, autoimmune, Chrons disease, HIV, and surgery | anorexia, nausea, and pain. |
Peptic Ulcer Disease | Ulcers in the stomach or small intestine. | H.pylori, NSAIDs, alcohol, stress, and age. | pain, anorexia, nausea. |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome | Disorder affecting the large intestine | unknown | abdominal pain, incomplete BMs, etc |
Ulcerative Colitis | inflammation that begins in the rectum and spreads to colon. | unknown | diarrhea, stool with blood or mucus, cramps. |
Chron Disease | inflammation of linings, spread using skip lesions, can extend through bowel wall | unknown | malabsorption of nutrients, diarrhea, stool with blood or mucus, cramps. |
Diverticular Disease | small bulging pouches in colon that can become enflamed | diverticulosis becomes infected and inflames | fever, vomiting, pain, high WBC |
Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix (like stagnant water) | obstruction using stool, tumors, gallstones, parasites, or lymphatic tissue. | pain, nausea, fever, rebound tenderness. |
Cholelithiasis | stones formed by impaired metabolism of cholesterol, bilirubin, or bile acids. | obesity, age, female, weight loss, or native blood | asymptomatic |
Cholecystitis | inflammation of gallbladder or cystic duct. | lodged gall stone | pain, fever, leukocytosis, and rebound tenderness |
Pancreatitis | prematurely activated pancreatic enzymes causes acute or chronic inflammation. | gallstones, alcohol | pain, fever, nausea. |
Barret's Esophagus | the esophageal lining becomes replaced with gastric cells | caused by prolonged GERD | Gerd symptoms |
Ascites | accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity (3rd space) | liver disease | edema, weight gain, low respiratory, anorexia |
Portal Hypertension | high blood pressure in portal vein | chirrhosis | hepatic encephalopathy, splenomegaly, ascites, esophageal varices, caput medusa, hemorrhoids |
Cirrhosis | scarring of the liver leading to liver failure | hepatitis, alcohol, drugs, bile obstruction | jaundice, portal hypertension. edema, gynecomastia, |
NA fatty liver disease | improper fat breakdown an stay in liver cells | metabolic problems | pain, cirrhosis, fatigue. |
Alcoholic fatty liver disease | fat accumulates in liver because of impairment of hepatocytes and metabolism | acetaldehyde, alcohol | asymptomatic (reversible) |
Jaundice | bilirubin is spread throughout the blood stream | liver disease, RBC death, no bile flow | yellow skin, yellow skin/eyes, dark urine, dark stool. |
Hepatitis a | fecal-oral | fever, enlarged liver, bilirubin rises, high liver enzymes | |
Hepatitis b | blood, semen, vaginal. | fever, enlarged liver, bilirubin rises, high liver enzymes | |
Hepatitis c | Blood | usually asymptomatic | |
alcoholic hepatitis | inflammation and necrosis of liver cells | alcohol abuse | anorexia, nausea, fever, pain, and fatigue. (somewhat reversible) |
alcoholic cirrhosis | necrosis of liver | alcohol abuse | irreversible damage to the liver |