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Unit 2

7.6A, 7.7B, 7.12BCE Phys/Chem, Human Forces, Body Systems, Levels, Compare

TermDefinition
CELL Basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
TISSUE Large mass of similar cells that make up a part of an organism and perform the same specific function.
ORGAN Large collection of similar tissue that make up a part of an organism and performs a specific and specialized function of the body.
ORGAN SYSTEM Composed of several organs working together to perform specific and vital functions.
ORGANISM Individual form of life that is capable of growing, taking in nutrients, and usually reproducing (organ systems working together); self-contained living thing.
ORGANELLE Tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.
POPULATION Group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area.
PHYSICAL CHANGE Change to a substance WITHOUT forming a new substance; e.g. breaking substance into smaller particles, changing objects' shape, phase changes, etc.
PHASE CHANGE Type of PHYSICAL change in which: 1. Solids can MELT into Liquids 2. Liquids can EVAPORATE into Gases 3. Gases can CONDENSE into Liquids 4. Liquids can FREEZE into Solids The produced substance is the SAME as the original substance.
CHEMICAL CHANGE Change that alters the identity of a substance, resulting in a NEW substance or substances with different properties; e.g. burning something, exposure to air &/or water, combining different chemicals, pulling compounds apart, etc.
CITY - GIRLS - LEAVE - THEIR - PHONES - ON Mnemonic device to help remember the 6 evidences of a CHEMICAL change: C = COLOR change G = GAS formation (not phase change) L = LIGHT produced T = TEMPERATURE change (not phase change) P = PRECIPITATE formation O = ODOR produced
PRECIPITATE Solid produced when 2 different liquids are combined; the result of a CHEMICAL change.
PHYSICAL PROPERTY Characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.
CHEMICAL PROPERTY Characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances.
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Reacts to external environmental conditions & protects the body’s deeper tissues.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM Allows body to move & provides strength, balance, & warmth.
SKELETAL SYSTEM Holds organs in place, provides structural support, stores minerals, & generates new blood cells.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Breathing that supplies oxygen to the blood & gets rid of carbon dioxide.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Circulates blood through the body, supplies oxygen & nutrients, & removes waste.
NERVOUS SYSTEM Functions as the control center, coordinating all the actions & reactions.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Regulates the body by secreting hormones into the bloodstream; also controls growth, reproduction, & metabolism.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Group of organs that work together to break food down by physical & chemical processes into nutrients that the body can use.
EXCRETORY SYSTEM Filters, collects, & removes excess fluids & wastes from the bloodstream.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Male & female systems used to produce offspring.
IMMUNE/LYMPHATIC SYSTEM System of organs that protects the body from foreign substances & pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response.
BIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
Circulatory System - BLOOD VESSELS Like the CYTOPLASM - all materials travel through here from place to place.
Digestive System - STOMACH & INTESTINES Like the MITOCHONDRIA - makes usable energy from food.
Excretory System - KIDNEYS Like the LYSOSOME - breaks down and removes waste.
Integumentary System - SKIN Like the CELL MEMBRANE - covers us, keeps stuff in and out.
Nervous System - BRAIN Like the NUCLEUS - controls all of the activities.
Respiratory System - LUNGS Like the CHLOROPLAST - takes in needed gases.
Skeletal System - BONES Like the CELL WALL - gives shape and structure.
Urinary System - BLADDER Like the VACUOLE - stores water and waste.
FORCE Push or pull that can change the motion of an object.
MOTION Change in an object's position with respect to time & in comparison to the position of other objects used as reference points.
BLOOD Liquid that circulates through the body carrying nutrients, oxygen, & waste products.
HEART Muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system.
BLOOD VESSELS Structures that carry blood through the tissues & organs in a body; veins & arteries.
CIRCULATION Movement around something, especially that of fluid in a closed system; "circ = ring."
BLOOD PRESSURE Pressure of blood in the circulatory system; measured for diagnosis due to close relation to the force & rate of the heartbeat.
GRAVITY Force of attraction that pulls objects toward each other & depends on their masses.
LUNGS Main organs of the respiratory system; pull oxygen in & push carbon dioxide out.
DIAPHRAGM Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing.
INHALATION Breathing in.
EXHALATION Breathing out.
MUSCLE Layers of fibrous tissue that can contract (to pull ONLY), causing movement of an organ or part of the body.
BONE Dense, hard connective tissue that makes up the skeletal system; provides support & protection for the body.
PERISTALSIS Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in 1 direction through the digestive system.
ARTERY Blood vessel that carries blood AWAY from the heart.
VEIN Blood vessel that returns blood back to the heart.
Created by: trauberk
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