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Info Tech Ch. 2.3
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Decimal System | Number system that uses ten digits, 0-9 |
Binary System | Number system that uses two digits, 0-1 |
Hexadecimal System | Number system that uses sixteen digits, 0-9 and A-F |
Bit | The smallest unit of digital information, represented by a 1 or 0 |
Byte | A group of eight bits joined together |
Digital Data | A physical signal, such as text, numbers, graphics, or sound, interpreted by converting it into binary numbers |
Encoded Integers | Representation of integers using a group of bytes. Normally, one bit in one of the byes represents the sign, 1 for negative and 0 for positive. The remaining 31 bits are used to encode the number itself using binary digits |
Encoded Text | Representation of text by assigning a unique binary code to each character |
Processor Speed | The speed at which a computer processes information, as measured by the number of cycles per second (Hertz) that the computer's CPU operates at. Processor speed is measured in kilohertz, megahertz, and gigahertz |
Storage Space | The measurement in bytes of the volume that a storage device can contain. Storage space is measured in kilobytes (1024 bytes), megabytes (1024 kilobytes), gigabytes (1024 megabytes), and terabytes (1024 gigabytes) |
Throughput | The measurement in bits per second that information is transferred through a network from one computer to another Throughput is measured in Kbps (kilobits per second), Mbps (megabits per second), and Gbps (gigabits per second) |
ASCII | (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) The most common format for text files in computers where each character is represented by a unique 7-bit binary code. Extended ASCII uses an 8-bit binary code and allows for international characters |
Unicode | An international 16-bit encoding standard that accommodates character sets from multiple languages, with each letter, digit, or symbol being assigned a unique numeric value |