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Chapter 2 Terms (B)
Migration
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Asylum seeker | Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee |
Brain Drain | Large-scale emigration by talented people |
Circular Migration | The temporary movement of amigrant worker between home and host countries to seek employment |
Circulation | Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis |
Counterurbanization | Net migration from urban to rural areas in developed countries |
Emigration | Migration from a location |
Family-based Migration | Migration of people to a specific location because relatives previously migrated there |
Floodplain | The area subject to flooding during a given number of years, according to historicla trends |
Forced Migration | Permanent movement, compelled by cultural or environmental factors |
Guest Worker | A term once used for a worker who migrated to the developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of a higher-paying job |
Immigration | Migration to a new location |
Internal Migration | Permanent movement within a particular country |
Internally Displaced Person | Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border |
International Migration | Permanent movement form one country to another |
Interregional Migration | Permanent movement from one region of a country to another |
Intervening Obstacle | An evironmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration |
Intraregional Migration | Permanent movement within one region of a country |
Migration | A form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location |
Migration Transition | A change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition |
Mobility | All types of movements between locations |
Net Migration | The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration |
Pull Factor | A factor that induces people to move to a new location |
Push Factor | A factor that induces people to leave old locations |
Quota | In reference to migration, a law that places maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year |
Refugees | People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion |
Remittance | Transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated |
Step Migration | Migration that follows a path of a series of stages or steps toward a final destination |
Unauthorized Immigrant | A person who enters a country without proper documents to do so |
Voluntary Migration | Permanent movement undertaken by choice |
Distance Decay Model | The further away a place is, the less likely it is that people will migrate there |
Old Immigration | Immigration from North and Western Europe |
New Immigration | Immigration from South and Eastern Europe |
Population Center | Has moved westward and slightly southward during the last few decades |
Forward Thrust Capital | Moving the capital of a country to influence migration |
Intervening Opportunities | A feature (usually economic) that causes a migrant to choose a destination other than his original one |
Chain Migration | The movement of immediate family members following a central person |
Quota Act of 1921 | First US Quota Law which allowed 357.803 people to move into the country per year |
National Origins Act of 1924 | Allowed 2% of the number of people from a country already living here to leagally immigrate to the US. Incentivized European migration and discouraged Asian migration. |
Immigration Act of 1965 | Quotas for countries was replaced by hemispheres. 170,000 from the Eastern hemisphere and 120,000 from the Western hemisphere |
1978 | Replaced hemisphere with global quotas |
Centriod | The geometric center of a countries irregular polygon |
Population-weighted centroid | The center of a countries population |
Malthusian catastrophe | A hypothetical event in which the global population reaches a point that cannot be sustained by food |
Personal Space | The amount of area a person needs in order to live. Becomes an issue with dense urban centers |
Personal Consumption | The amount of food, water, and other necessities/goods that a person uses |
Periodic Movement | A type of cyclical movement that is in larger cycles such as annual or seasonal migration |